Meet the editors

Dr. Masaki Kanao obtained his Ph.D from Kyoto University. He is currently working at the National Institute of Polar Research in Tokyo, Japan. He has been chiefly interested in the Earth's structure and dynamics for seismological investigations. Polar regions, both in the Arctic and Antarctic, have mainly been studied using both the passive and active seismic source approaches. Recently, interdisciplinary studies regarding glacial earthquakes,

cryoseismic events in polar regions, particular around Greenland, have been focusing on involving environmental changes associated with global warming. These investigations and seismic observations in bi-polar regions have had significant contribution to the development of global Earth sciences, Federation of Digital Seismological Network (FDSN) and International Lithospheric Program (ILP), of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI) under ICSU.

Dr. Genti Toyokuni obtained his Ph.D from Kyushu University in 2009. He is currently working at the Department of Geophysics, Tohoku University, Japan. He is interested in numerical modeling of seismic wave propagation using the finite-difference method. He has been working on polar seismology, especially in Greenland. He is a member of GLISN (Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network), an international project with 11 countries

to construct a seismic and geodetic network in and around Greenland. He has been participating in the field operation on Greenland Ice Sheet every year since 2011.

Contents

Unstructured Meshes *by Wensheng Zhang*

*by Jeremiah Rushchitsky*

*by Boris Sibiryakov*

*and Lilian Aveneau*

Efficient Simulation of Fluids

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 41**

**Chapter 4 57**

**Chapter 5 71**

**Chapter 6 89** Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Signals Observed before Strong Earthquakes

A High-Order Finite Volume Method for 3D Elastic Modelling on

Cylindrical Surface Wave: Revisiting the Classical Biot's Problem

*by Pierre Thuillier Le Gac, Emmanuelle Darles, Pierre-Yves Louis* 

Appearance of Catastrophes and Plasticity in Porous and Cracked Media

Seismic Velocity Structure in and around the Japanese Island Arc Derived from Seismic Tomography Including NIED MOWLAS Hi-net and S-net Data

*Toshihiko Kanazawa, Narumi Takahashi, Kensuke Suzuki and Shin'ichiro Kamiya*

*by Makoto Matsubara, Hiroshi Sato, Kenji Uehira, Masashi Mochizuki,* 

*by Igor I. Rokityansky, Valeriia I. Babak and Artem V. Tereshyn*

## Contents


Preface

Low-frequency acoustic energy released within the Earth's interior propagates through several types of seismic waves categorized by body waves or surface waves. The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, but it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This has led to some novel applications such as using artificially-induced shocks for exploration of the Earth's subsurface and seismic stimulation for increasing the productivity of oil wells. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from the theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. The major topics in this book cover the aspects on seismic wave

propagation, characteristics of their velocities and attenuation, deformation process of the Earth's medium, seismic source process and tectonic dynamics with relating

> **Dr. Masaki Kanao** Associate Professor,

**Dr. Genti Toyokuni** Department of Geophysics,

> Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi,

Tokyo, Japan

Japan

National Institute of Polar Research,

Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi,

observations, as well as propagation modeling of seismic waves.
