**2.2.2.1 Clinical presentation of AE**

Age at the time of diagnosis of AE is significantly higher than for CE. The primary site of metacestode development is almost exclusively in the liver. The right lobe is predominantly infected, but the liver hilus together with one or two lobes may also be involved. Extra hepatic primarily locations are rare. During the infection, secondary echinococcosis may occur in variety of adjacent or distant organs. Symptoms of AE are primarily cholestatic jaundice (1/3 of cases) and/or epigastric pain (1/3 of the cases). In the remaining third of patients, AE is detected incidentally during medical examination for symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, hepatomegaly, or abnormal routine laboratory findings.

#### **2.2.2.2 Classification and staging of AE**
