**7.4 Other responses**

The complement system activates both classical and alternative pathways with chemoattraction and binding of granulocytes in association with effector cells, which are essential against *S. stercoralis* (Vadlamudi et al., 2006). Studies have reported that complement component C3 is required during *S. stercoralis* infection and facilitates eosinophil degranulation and larval death during the innate immune response (Kerepesi et al., 2006).

*Strongyloides* infection induces the production of leukotrienes, which are required to invoke the protective expulsion of parasites. Leukotrienes play an important role in controlling parasite burdens, as well as in altering the parasite reproductive cycle and eliminating the *S. venezuelensis* parasite (Machado et al., 2005).
