**8. Pathology**

The pathology of strongyloidiasis differs in different stages of infection.

Hyperinfection Syndrome in Strongyloidiasis 385

and were occasionally walled off by granulomas. Bronchopneumonia is probably a consequence of tissue damage inflicted by the invading larvae (Zumla & James, 2002). In the human intestine, hyperinfection results in mucosal oedema, acute inflammation, mucosal haemorrhage, and focal ulceration with numerous *S. stercoralis* larvae, adult worms and ova embedded within the small bowel villi (Sathe &Madiwale, 2006; Al Maslamani et

Fig. 3. Histopathology of the lungs of rats in an experimental model of strongyloidiasis on day 3 post-infection: A and B: Controls; C and D: Infected with *S. venezuelensis.* Note the scarce hemorrhagic foci with larvae in the alveolar spaces (arrows); E and F: Infected with *S.* 

*venezuelensis* and treated with dexamethasone. Note the prominent hemorrhagic foci

showing larvae in the alveolar spaces (arrow). HE stain.

al., 2009).
