**Author details**

Cristian Carrera-Figueiras, Yamile Pérez-Padilla, Manuel Alejandro Estrella-Gutiérrez, Erbin G. Uc-Cayetano, Juan Antonio Juárez-Moreno and Alejandro Avila-Ortega\* Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

\*Address all correspondence to: alejandro.avila@correo.uady.mx

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**61**

*Surface Science Engineering through Sol-Gel Process DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83676*

> of solid-phase microextraction fibers of enhanced thermal stability. Analytical Chemistry. 1997;**69**(19):3889-3898

[10] Jillani SMS, Alhooshani K. Urea functionalized surface-bonded sol-gel coating for on-line hyphenation of capillary microextraction with highperformance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. A.

[11] Burgos-Tan MJ, Pérez-Padilla Y, Avila-Ortega A, Barrón-Zambrano JA, Vilchis-Néstor AR, Carrera-Figueiras C, et al. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of a hybrid polymeric coating with sorbent properties. Chemical Papers. 2017;**71**(7):1205-1215

[12] Owens GJ, Singh RK, Foroutan F, Alqaysi M, Han C-M, Mahapatra C, et al. Sol-gel based materials for biomedical applications. Progress in Materials Science. 2016;**77**:1-79

[13] Catauro M, Papale F, Bollino F. Characterization and biological properties of TiO2/PCL hybrid layers prepared via sol-gel dip coating for surface modification of titanium implants. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2015;**415**:9-15

[14] Yu J, Zhao X, Zhao Q. Effect of surface structure on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method. Thin Solid Films. 2000;**379**(1-2):7-14

[15] Figueira R, Fontinha I, Silva C, Pereira E, Figueira RB, Fontinha IR, et al. Hybrid sol-gel coatings: Smart and green materials for corrosion mitigation.

[16] Aydemir S. Effects of withdrawal speed on the microstructural and optical properties of sol-gel grown ZnO:Al thin

films. Vacuum. 2015;**120**:51-58

[17] Brinker CJ, Frye GC, Hurd AJ, Ashley CS. Fundamentals of

Coatings. 2016;**6**(1):12

2018;**1543**:14-22

[1] Brinker CJ, Scherer GW. Sol-Gel Science, the Physiscs and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing, Advanced Materials. Vol. 3. Deerfield Beach, Fla: Academic

[2] Levy D, Zayat M. The Sol-Gel

Structure of silica condensation polymers. In: Zeigler JM, FWG F, editors. American Chemical Society, Polymer Preprints, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Advances in Chemistry. Vol. 24. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society; 1983. pp. 239-240

[4] Durán A, Conde A, Coedo AG, Dorado T, García C, Ceré S. Sol–gel coatings for protection and bioactivation of metals used in orthopaedic devices. Journal of Materials Chemistry.

[5] Smitha S, Shajesh P, Aravind PR, Kumar SR, Pillai PK, Warrier KGK. Effect of aging time and concentration of aging solution on the porosity characteristics of subcritically dried silica aerogels. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2006;**91**(1-3):286-292

[6] Pierre AC, Pajonk GM. Chemistry of aerogels and their applications. Chemical

[7] Guglielmi M. Sol-gel coatings on metals. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology.

[8] Wright JD. NAJMS. Sol-gel materials: Chemistry and applications. 1st Edition. John D. Wright NAJMS, editor. London:

[9] Chong SL, Wang D, Hayes JD, Wilhite BW, Malik A, Chong SL, et al. Sol-gel coating technology for the preparation

Reviews. 2002;**102**(11):4243-4266

1997;**8**(1/2/3):443-449

CRC Press; 2001. 136 p

2004;**14**(14):2282-2290

Handbook. David Levy, Zayat M, editors. Vols. 1-3, USA: Wiley-VCH; 2015. 1-1508 p

[3] Schaefer DW, Keefer KD, Brinker CJ.

**References**

Press; 1990. 1-908 p

*Surface Science Engineering through Sol-Gel Process DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83676*
