Applied Surface Science

acid groups on polymeric substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor or atmospheric pressure plasma deposition of acetic acid. Thin Solid Films. 2018; 666:54-60. DOI: 10.1016 /j. tsf.2018.07.051

[82] Ozpirin M, Ebil O. Transparent block copolymer thin films for protection of optical elements via chemical vapor deposition. Thin Solid Films. 2018;660:391-398. DOI: 10.1016/ j.tsf.2018.06.044

[83] McAfee SM, Dayneko SV, Josse P, Blanchard P, Cabanetos C, Welch GC. Simply complex: The efficient synthesis of an intricate molecular acceptor for high-performance air-processed and airtested fullerene-free organic solar cells. Chemistry of Materials. 2017;29: 1309-1314. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater.6b04862

[84] Cao FY, Huang WC, Chang SL, Cheng YJ. Angular-shaped 4,9-dialkylnaphthodithiophene-based octacyclic ladder-type non-fullerene acceptors for high efficiency ternaryblend organic photovoltaics. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30:4968-4977. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chem mater.8b01089

[85] Matthews R, Swisher J, Hutchins KM, Pentzer EB. Perylene diimide bearing different trialkyl silyl ethers: Impact of asymmetric functionalization on self-assembly into nanostructures. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 3571-3577. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater.8b01543

[86] Wang F, Dai Y, Wang W, Lu H, Qiu L, Ding Y, et al. Incorporation of heteroatoms in conjugated polymers backbone toward air-stable, highperformance n-channel unencapsulated polymer transistors. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30:5451-5459. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater. 8b02359

[87] Karabacak M, Karaca C, Atac A, Eskici M, Karanfil A, Kose E. Synthesis, analysis of spectroscopic and nonlinear optical properties of the novel compound: (S)-N-benzyl-1-phenyl-5- (thiophen-3-yl)-4-pentyn-2-amine. Spectrochimica Acta A. 2012;97:556-567. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012. 05.087\

Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 5663-5672. DOI: 10.1021/acs.

[94] Kamanina V. Introductory chapter: Why the study of fullerenes is so important? In: Kamanina V, editor. Fullerenes and Relative Materials. London: IntechOpen; 2018. pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.5772/intehopen.74812

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83234

[100] Herbivo C, Comel A, Kirsch G, Raposo MMM. Synthesis of 5-aryl-50

[101] Raposo MMM, Castro MCR, Fonseca AMC, Schellenberg P, Belsley

characterization of the electrochemical, nonlinear optical properties, and theoretical studies of novel thienylpyrrole azo dyes bearing benzothiazole acceptor groups. Tetrahedron. 2011;67:5189-5198. DOI:

[102] Castro MCR, Belsley M, Fonseca AMC, Raposo MMM. Synthesis and characterization of novel second-order NLO-chromophores bearing pyrrole as an electron donor group. Tetrahedron. 2012;68:8147-8155. DOI: 10.1016/j.

[103] Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Belsley M, Raposo MMM. Synthesis and secondorder nonlinear optical properties of new chromophores containing

benzimidazole, thiophene, and pyrrole heterocycles. Tetrahedron. 2007;63:

[104] Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Belsley M, Lodeiro C, Raposo MMM. Synthesis

(oligo)thienyl-imidazo-phenanthrolines as versatile π-conjugated systems for

Tetrahedron. 2008;64:9230-9238. DOI:

[105] Zhu J, Xiao Y, Wang J, Liu K, Jiang H, Lin Y, et al. Alkoxy-induced nearinfrared sensitive electron acceptor for high-performance organic solar cells. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 4150-4156. DOI: 10.1021/acs.

9842-9849. DOI: 10.1016/j.

and characterization of novel

several optical applications.

10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.043

chemmater.8b01677

M. Design, synthesis and

10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.053

tet.2012.07.082

tet.2007.06.098


formyl-2,20

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Studies on Organic Compounds in Laser-Deposited Films

2008.12. 078


[95] Dai S, Xiao Z, Xue P, Rech JJ, Liu K,

[96] Carlotti B, Cai Z, Kim H, Sharapov V, Madu IK, Zhao D, et al. Charge transfer and aggregation effects on the performance of planar vs twisted nonfullerene acceptor isomers for organic solar cells. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30:4263-4276. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8bo1o47

[97] Liu D, Yang L, Wu Y, Wang X, Zeng Y, Han G, et al. Tunable electron donating and accepting properties achieved by modulating the steric hindrance of side chains in A-D-A small-molecule photovoltaic materials. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 619-628. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater.7b03142

[98] Marco AB, Andreu R, Franco S, Garín J, Orduna J, Villacampa B, et al. Efficient second-order nonlinear optical

dithienothiophene and thienothiophene

[99] Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Malheiro EL, Belsley M, Raposo MMM. Synthesis

chromophores based on

tet.2013.03.027

2007;63:4258-4265

23

bridges. Tetrahedron. 2013;69: 3919-3926. DOI: 10.1016/j.

and characterization of new thienylpyrrolyl-benzothiazoles as efficient and thermally stable nonlinear optical chromophores. Tetrahedron.

Li Z, et al. Effect of core size on performance of fused-ring electron acceptors. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;

30:5390-5396. DOI: 10.1021/acs.

chemmater.8bo2222

chemmater.8bo2o86

[88] Li M, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Ao Y, Cui Z. Molecular engineering of organic chromophores and polymers for enhanced bulk second-order optical nonlinearity. Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2017;5:4011-4122. DOI: 10.1039/C7TC00713B

[89] Marinescu M, Emandi A, Marton G, Cinteza LO, Constantinescu C. Structural studies and optical nonlinear response of some pyrazole-5-ones. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters. 2015;7:1-9. DOI: 10.1166/ nnl.2015.2032

[90] Jeong MY, Cho BR. Octupolar molecules for nonlinear optics: From molecular design to crystals and films with large second-harmonic generation. The Chemical Record. 2014;15:132-142. DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402013

[91] Canulescu S, Schou J, Nielsen SF. Processing of C60 thin films by matrixassisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). Applied Physics A. 2011;104: 775-780. DOI: 10.1007/s00339-011- 6432-y

[92] Labrunie A, Gorenflot J, Babics M, Alévêque O, Dabos-Seignon S, Balawi AH, et al. Triphenylamine-based pushpull σC60 dyad as photoactive molecular material for singlecomponent organic solar cells: Synthesis, characterizations, and photophysical properties. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30:3474-3485. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01117

[93] Kim Y, Choi J, Lee C, Kim Y, Kim C, Nguyen TL, et al. Aqueous soluble fullerene acceptors for efficient ecofriendly polymer solar cells processed from benign ethanol/water mixtures.

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Studies on Organic Compounds in Laser-Deposited Films DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83234

Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 5663-5672. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater.8bo2o86

acid groups on polymeric substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor or atmospheric pressure plasma deposition of acetic acid. Thin Solid Films. 2018;

analysis of spectroscopic and nonlinear

compound: (S)-N-benzyl-1-phenyl-5- (thiophen-3-yl)-4-pentyn-2-amine. Spectrochimica Acta A. 2012;97:556-567.

[88] Li M, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Ao Y, Cui Z. Molecular engineering of organic

[89] Marinescu M, Emandi A, Marton G,

Structural studies and optical nonlinear response of some pyrazole-5-ones. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters. 2015;7:1-9. DOI: 10.1166/

optical properties of the novel

DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012. 05.087\

chromophores and polymers for enhanced bulk second-order optical nonlinearity. Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2017;5:4011-4122. DOI:

Cinteza LO, Constantinescu C.

[90] Jeong MY, Cho BR. Octupolar molecules for nonlinear optics: From molecular design to crystals and films with large second-harmonic generation. The Chemical Record. 2014;15:132-142.

[91] Canulescu S, Schou J, Nielsen SF. Processing of C60 thin films by matrixassisted pulsed laser evaporation

(MAPLE). Applied Physics A. 2011;104: 775-780. DOI: 10.1007/s00339-011-

[92] Labrunie A, Gorenflot J, Babics M, Alévêque O, Dabos-Seignon S, Balawi AH, et al. Triphenylamine-based pushpull σC60 dyad as photoactive

[93] Kim Y, Choi J, Lee C, Kim Y, Kim C, Nguyen TL, et al. Aqueous soluble fullerene acceptors for efficient ecofriendly polymer solar cells processed from benign ethanol/water mixtures.

molecular material for singlecomponent organic solar cells: Synthesis, characterizations, and photophysical properties. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30:3474-3485. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01117

DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402013

10.1039/C7TC00713B

nnl.2015.2032

6432-y

[82] Ozpirin M, Ebil O. Transparent block copolymer thin films for protection of optical elements via chemical vapor deposition. Thin Solid Films. 2018;660:391-398. DOI: 10.1016/

[83] McAfee SM, Dayneko SV, Josse P, Blanchard P, Cabanetos C, Welch GC. Simply complex: The efficient synthesis of an intricate molecular acceptor for high-performance air-processed and airtested fullerene-free organic solar cells. Chemistry of Materials. 2017;29: 1309-1314. DOI: 10.1021/acs.

[84] Cao FY, Huang WC, Chang SL,

4,9-dialkylnaphthodithiophene-based octacyclic ladder-type non-fullerene acceptors for high efficiency ternaryblend organic photovoltaics. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30:4968-4977. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chem mater.8b01089

[85] Matthews R, Swisher J, Hutchins KM, Pentzer EB. Perylene diimide bearing different trialkyl silyl ethers: Impact of asymmetric functionalization on self-assembly into nanostructures. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 3571-3577. DOI: 10.1021/acs.

[86] Wang F, Dai Y, Wang W, Lu H, Qiu

L, Ding Y, et al. Incorporation of heteroatoms in conjugated polymers backbone toward air-stable, highperformance n-channel unencapsulated polymer transistors. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30:5451-5459. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater. 8b02359

[87] Karabacak M, Karaca C, Atac A, Eskici M, Karanfil A, Kose E. Synthesis,

666:54-60. DOI: 10.1016 /j.

tsf.2018.07.051

Applied Surface Science

j.tsf.2018.06.044

chemmater.6b04862

chemmater.8b01543

22

Cheng YJ. Angular-shaped

[94] Kamanina V. Introductory chapter: Why the study of fullerenes is so important? In: Kamanina V, editor. Fullerenes and Relative Materials. London: IntechOpen; 2018. pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.5772/intehopen.74812

[95] Dai S, Xiao Z, Xue P, Rech JJ, Liu K, Li Z, et al. Effect of core size on performance of fused-ring electron acceptors. Chemistry of Materials. 2018; 30:5390-5396. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater.8bo2222

[96] Carlotti B, Cai Z, Kim H, Sharapov V, Madu IK, Zhao D, et al. Charge transfer and aggregation effects on the performance of planar vs twisted nonfullerene acceptor isomers for organic solar cells. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30:4263-4276. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8bo1o47

[97] Liu D, Yang L, Wu Y, Wang X, Zeng Y, Han G, et al. Tunable electron donating and accepting properties achieved by modulating the steric hindrance of side chains in A-D-A small-molecule photovoltaic materials. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 619-628. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater.7b03142

[98] Marco AB, Andreu R, Franco S, Garín J, Orduna J, Villacampa B, et al. Efficient second-order nonlinear optical chromophores based on dithienothiophene and thienothiophene bridges. Tetrahedron. 2013;69: 3919-3926. DOI: 10.1016/j. tet.2013.03.027

[99] Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Malheiro EL, Belsley M, Raposo MMM. Synthesis and characterization of new thienylpyrrolyl-benzothiazoles as efficient and thermally stable nonlinear optical chromophores. Tetrahedron. 2007;63:4258-4265

[100] Herbivo C, Comel A, Kirsch G, Raposo MMM. Synthesis of 5-aryl-50 formyl-2,20 -bithiophenes as new precursors for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Tetrahedron. 2009;65: 2079-2086. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet. 2008.12. 078

[101] Raposo MMM, Castro MCR, Fonseca AMC, Schellenberg P, Belsley M. Design, synthesis and characterization of the electrochemical, nonlinear optical properties, and theoretical studies of novel thienylpyrrole azo dyes bearing benzothiazole acceptor groups. Tetrahedron. 2011;67:5189-5198. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.053

[102] Castro MCR, Belsley M, Fonseca AMC, Raposo MMM. Synthesis and characterization of novel second-order NLO-chromophores bearing pyrrole as an electron donor group. Tetrahedron. 2012;68:8147-8155. DOI: 10.1016/j. tet.2012.07.082

[103] Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Belsley M, Raposo MMM. Synthesis and secondorder nonlinear optical properties of new chromophores containing benzimidazole, thiophene, and pyrrole heterocycles. Tetrahedron. 2007;63: 9842-9849. DOI: 10.1016/j. tet.2007.06.098

[104] Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Belsley M, Lodeiro C, Raposo MMM. Synthesis and characterization of novel (oligo)thienyl-imidazo-phenanthrolines as versatile π-conjugated systems for several optical applications. Tetrahedron. 2008;64:9230-9238. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.043

[105] Zhu J, Xiao Y, Wang J, Liu K, Jiang H, Lin Y, et al. Alkoxy-induced nearinfrared sensitive electron acceptor for high-performance organic solar cells. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 4150-4156. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater.8b01677

[106] Raposo MMM, Ferreira AMFP, Belsley M, JCVP M. 50 -Alkoxy-2,20 bithiophene azo dyes: A novel promising series of NLO-chromophores. Tetrahedron. 2008;64:5878-5884. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.04.061

[107] Kleinpeter E, Koch A, Mikhova B, Stamboliyska BA, Kolev TM. Quantification of the push–pull character of the isophorone chromophore as a measure of molecular hyperpolarizability for NLO applications. Tetrahedron Letters. 2008; 49:1323-1327. DOI: 10.1016/j. tet.2007.11.053

[108] Liu X, Wang D, Gao H, Yang Z, Xing Y, Cao H, et al. Nonlinear optical properties of symmetrical and asymmetrical porphyrin derivatives with click chemistry modification. Dyes and Pigments. 2016;134:155-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.07.010

[109] Pascal S, Getmanenko YA, Zhang Y, Davydenko I, Ngo MH, Pilet G, et al. Design of near-infrared-absorbing unsymmetrical polymethine dyes with large quadratic hyperpolarizabilities. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 3410-3418. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater. 8b00960

[110] Mariano F, Caricato AP, Accorsi G, Leo C, Cesaria M, Carallo S, et al. White multi-layered polymer light emitting diode by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation. Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2016;4:7667-7674. DOI: 10.1039/C6TC01826B

[111] Constantinescu C, Rapp L, Rotaru P, Delaporte P, Alloncle AP. Pulsed laser processing of poly(3,3″-didodecyl quarter thiophene) semiconductor for organic thin film transistors. Chemical Physics. 2015;450-451:32-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.02.004

[112] Constantinescu C, Rotaru P, Nedelcea A, Dinescu M. Thermal behavior and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation deposition of functional polymeric materials thin films with potential use in optoelectronics. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2015;30: 242-249. DOI: 10.1016/j. mssp.2014.10.011

[118] Chrisey DB, Pique A, McGill RA, Horwitz JS, Ringeisen BR. Laser deposition of polymer and biomaterial films. Chemistry Review. 2003;103: 553-576. DOI: 10.1021/cr010428w

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83234

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Studies on Organic Compounds in Laser-Deposited Films

[119] Rotaru A, Constantinescu C, Rotaru P, Moanta A, Dumitru M, Socaciu M, et al. Thermal analysis and thin film deposition by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation of a 4CN type azomonoether. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2008;92: 279-284. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-007-

8818-9

25

[113] Randell NM, Radford CL, Yang J, Quinn J, Hou D, Li Y, et al. Effect of acceptor unit length and planarity on the optoelectronic properties of isoindigo�thiophene donor�acceptor polymers. Chemistry of Materials. 2018; 30:4864-4873. DOI: 10.1021/acs. chemmater.8b02535

[114] Ion V, Matei A, Constantinescu C, Ionita I, Marinescu M, Dinescu M, et al. Octahydroacridine thin films grown by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for NLO applications. Material Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2015;36: 78-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.02.064

[115] Matei A, Constantinescu C, Ion V, Mitu B, Ionita I, Dinescu M, et al. Ferrocene, an old molecule with bright future: Thin films grown by matrixassisted pulsed laser evaporation for nonlinear optical applications. The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2014;751: 638-643. DOI: 10.1016/j. jorganchem.2013.10.056

[116] Constantinescu C, Matei A, Ion V, Mitu B, Ionita I, Dinescu M, et al. Ferrocene carboxaldehyde thin films grown by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for nonlinear optical applications. Applied Surface Science. 2014;302:83-86. DOI: 10.1016/j. mssp.2015.02.064

[117] Matei A, Marinescu M, Constantinescu C, Ion V, Mitu B, Ionita I, et al. Nonlinear optical studies on 4-(ferrocenylmethylimino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid thin films deposited by MAPLE. Applied Surface Science. 2016; 374:206-212. DOI: 10.1016/j. apsusc.2015.11.024

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Studies on Organic Compounds in Laser-Deposited Films DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83234

[118] Chrisey DB, Pique A, McGill RA, Horwitz JS, Ringeisen BR. Laser deposition of polymer and biomaterial films. Chemistry Review. 2003;103: 553-576. DOI: 10.1021/cr010428w

[106] Raposo MMM, Ferreira AMFP,

promising series of NLO-chromophores. Tetrahedron. 2008;64:5878-5884. DOI:

[107] Kleinpeter E, Koch A, Mikhova B,

chromophore as a measure of molecular

applications. Tetrahedron Letters. 2008;

[108] Liu X, Wang D, Gao H, Yang Z, Xing Y, Cao H, et al. Nonlinear optical

[109] Pascal S, Getmanenko YA, Zhang Y, Davydenko I, Ngo MH, Pilet G, et al. Design of near-infrared-absorbing unsymmetrical polymethine dyes with large quadratic hyperpolarizabilities. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30: 3410-3418. DOI: 10.1021/acs.

[110] Mariano F, Caricato AP, Accorsi G, Leo C, Cesaria M, Carallo S, et al. White multi-layered polymer light emitting diode by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation. Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2016;4:7667-7674. DOI:

[111] Constantinescu C, Rapp L, Rotaru P, Delaporte P, Alloncle AP. Pulsed laser

processing of poly(3,3″-didodecyl quarter thiophene) semiconductor for organic thin film transistors. Chemical Physics. 2015;450-451:32-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.02.004

[112] Constantinescu C, Rotaru P, Nedelcea A, Dinescu M. Thermal behavior and matrix-assisted pulsed

bithiophene azo dyes: A novel

10.1016/j.tet.2008.04.061

Stamboliyska BA, Kolev TM. Quantification of the push–pull character of the isophorone

hyperpolarizability for NLO

49:1323-1327. DOI: 10.1016/j.

properties of symmetrical and asymmetrical porphyrin derivatives with click chemistry modification. Dyes and Pigments. 2016;134:155-163. DOI:

10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.07.010

chemmater. 8b00960

10.1039/C6TC01826B

24

tet.2007.11.053



laser evaporation deposition of functional polymeric materials thin

optoelectronics. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2015;30:

[113] Randell NM, Radford CL, Yang J, Quinn J, Hou D, Li Y, et al. Effect of acceptor unit length and planarity on the optoelectronic properties of isoindigo�thiophene donor�acceptor polymers. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;

30:4864-4873. DOI: 10.1021/acs.

[114] Ion V, Matei A, Constantinescu C, Ionita I, Marinescu M, Dinescu M, et al. Octahydroacridine thin films grown by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for NLO applications. Material Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2015;36: 78-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.02.064

[115] Matei A, Constantinescu C, Ion V, Mitu B, Ionita I, Dinescu M, et al. Ferrocene, an old molecule with bright future: Thin films grown by matrixassisted pulsed laser evaporation for nonlinear optical applications. The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2014;751:

[116] Constantinescu C, Matei A, Ion V, Mitu B, Ionita I, Dinescu M, et al. Ferrocene carboxaldehyde thin films grown by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for nonlinear optical applications. Applied Surface Science. 2014;302:83-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.

Constantinescu C, Ion V, Mitu B, Ionita I, et al. Nonlinear optical studies on 4-(ferrocenylmethylimino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid thin films deposited by MAPLE. Applied Surface Science. 2016;

638-643. DOI: 10.1016/j. jorganchem.2013.10.056

mssp.2015.02.064

[117] Matei A, Marinescu M,

374:206-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.

apsusc.2015.11.024

chemmater.8b02535

films with potential use in

242-249. DOI: 10.1016/j. mssp.2014.10.011

Belsley M, JCVP M. 50

Applied Surface Science

[119] Rotaru A, Constantinescu C, Rotaru P, Moanta A, Dumitru M, Socaciu M, et al. Thermal analysis and thin film deposition by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation of a 4CN type azomonoether. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2008;92: 279-284. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-007- 8818-9

**27**

**Chapter 2**

**Abstract**

others.

**1. Introduction**

in order to better the organoleptic properties [1].

Biotechnology

Magnetic Bio-Derivatives:

*Fernando Soria and Luiz Bezerra Carvalho Jr*

Preparation and Their Uses in

*Mariana Paola Cabrera, David Fernando Morais Neri,* 

In this chapter, the authors will show different proposals of magnetic bio-derivatives and its applicability in biotechnology. The historical context of immobilized enzymes, as well as highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of each, will be mentioned. Besides, iron oxides and composite materials will be presented as support for biomolecules immobilization. Composites are effortlessly prepared including many materials capable of providing advantages to the magnetic derivatives. Enzymes covalently linked to these magnetic particles combine their catalytic properties with reaction specificity, reusability, and possible reactor construction. In addition, proteins can also be purified by these magnetic composites containing specific ligands allowing reactors and reuses too. Some characterization techniques used to study the magnetic material and derivative immobilized will be described as well. Altogether, an engaging presentation about the interesting features of magnetic bio-derivatives will highlight their uses in biotechnology field as well as in

**Keywords:** iron oxides, composite, enzyme, protein, immobilization, purification

Even today, the widespread use of magnetic particles in areas such as biotechnology, engineering, material sciences, biomedicine, and microbiology, among others, still is disclosed in the literature. So, a large part of the scientific community including biomedical, biologists, and pharmacists, in addition to chemists and physicists, is looking for novel applications for magnetic bio-derivatives obtained from biomolecules immobilized on iron oxide particles. The use of magnetic particles is further than matrices for biomolecules immobilization such particles can also be used as a potential contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, photothermal therapy, and food treatment

The great importance of developing attractive and promising magnetic bioderivatives as well as bringing to light new applications is evident. Our research group has proposed a considerable number of magnetic materials from inorganic (e.g., diatomaceous earth) or organic (e.g., azocasein) compounds and iron oxides as support to enzyme immobilization or protein purification. Recently, magnetic
