**Notes**


**Figure 15.**

**Table 5.** *Model parameters.*

**116**

*Variations in frost heave rate with water content.*

*wp C1 φ ρ e β<sup>0</sup> w α* 9 6 30° 2.1 0.3 0.178 9% 0.22%

*Geotechnical Engineering - Advances in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering*

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