**6.4 Intracerebral hemorrhage**

About 41–79% of cAVM patients present with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (**Figure 3**). Children more frequently present with intracerebral hemorrhage than adults [14]; 23% of patients with ICH or focal neurologic deficits had a 5-year risk of seizures. Hemorrhage can be parenchymal, intraventricular or subarachnoid.

Patients with cAVMs can have ICH on initial presentation. The deep venous drainage and deep brain location of cAVM had higher incidence of ICH, a recurrent AVM hemorrhage of 12% over an average with an average rebleeding rate of 7% annually [15]. Pregnancy is not a risk factor for hemorrhage from a cAVM, but the data are not definitive [16]; cAVM hemorrhage rate in pregnant women was not significantly different compared with the rate for non-pregnant women [17].
