*6.3.2 Curative embolisation*

The role of endovascular embolisation as a stand-alone treatment in AVM has been reported in small case series. The introduction of detachable-tip microcatheters plays a vital role in improvement of curative embolisation rates as it facilitates extended Onyx infusion. Small lesions with few arterial feeders are most suitable for complete curative embolisation. However, most of these lesions are graded as S-M grades I and II, for which microsurgery is considered as the best therapeutic approach. Therefore, the relative risk of curative embolisation must be weighed cautiously against this traditional therapeutic approach. The durability of embolic materials and the length of follow-up are needed to establish a complete cure. AVM recurrence after successful complete angiographic elimination has been reported in various case reports [23, 30, 31].
