**Acknowledgements**

*Life Cycle and Development of Diptera*

other lower temperatures (34, 31 and 28°C).

according to Buriol et al. [42], who stated that temperatures below 5°C and above 40°C are lethal to mosquito development. Similar data were observed by De Majo et al. [43], Marinho et al. [44], Mohammed and Chadee [34] in studies about the effect of different temperatures on the development of *A. aegypti*. More recently, Sukiato et al. [32] also noted in their study that there was no hatching of *A. aegypti* eggs at 40°C, and the larval and pupal mortality was higher at 37°C, compared to

In Manaus, Amazonas, the greatest influence of the room 4 (with the highest temperature - 32.18°C) on the life cycle of the mosquitoes, where they developed faster than mosquitoes kept in other lower temperature environmental rooms, is in line with Carrington et al. [45], who found that temperatures around 30°C are ideal for the development of *A. aegypti* and that the development was faster under a temperature of 35°C and impaired above this range. Similar results were also obtained by Brady et al. [46], when evaluating the survival of the species at different temperatures, located between 0°C and 40°C. Sukiato et al. [32] also observed that the *A. aegypti* development time was shorter at higher temperatures (37 and 34°C).

In relation to the mortality rate, the lower mortality (14.4%) that occurred at the room 1, where the temperature was lower, as well as the higher mortality (53.6%) of different instars that occurred at the room 4, also corroborate with the results reported by Yang et al. [38] and Sukiato et al. [32] already compared with the results obtained in Londrina. A study by Farjana et al. [47] also demonstrated that the

The lowest and the highest mortality rate at the rooms 1 and 4, respectively, may have happened due to the influence of CO2 concentration—which was lower at the room 1 (similar to the current atmospheric concentration) and much higher at the room 4—because CO2 atmospheric is also related to the biological cycle of living beings, influencing their ecological interactions. High CO2 rates have an impact on ecological communities, causing a reduction in nitrogen concentration. Furthermore, it can reduce the quality and quantity of food in breeding sites,

However, in a study by Azevedo et al. [49], higher concentrations of CO2 had no significant influence on the results obtained in relation to the biological cycle of

In the South region of the country, the hatching of eggs and emergence of adults

Therefore, it is concluded that temperatures from 5 to 29.74°C are more appropriate, since values outside these limits can cause deleterious effects in biological aspects related to the reproductive success of the species. Thus, temperature has a great influence on these aspects, with medium temperatures being more beneficial

The results obtained show that both *A. aegypti* mosquitoes from the South and North regions of Brazil have adaptive potential in face of the increase in the average temperature stipulated by the IPCC, in view of the unviability of eggs only at

of *A. aegypti* only did not occur at 45°C, while the lowest rate of hatching and emergence occurred at 0°C, indicating that the development of the mosquitoes in Londrina is affected only in very extreme temperatures, since the temperature of 5°C still proved beneficial to the development of *A. aegypti*. In the North region of the country, the development of the immature in Manaus is faster as the temperature in the environmental rooms increases; however, at the same time, death rates

mortality of *A. aegypti* increased at a higher temperature (35°C).

compromising larval growth and survival [48].

**128**

*A. aegypti.*

**5. Conclusion**

also increase.

to this species.

We are grateful to the technicians of the Malaria and Dengue Laboratories (INPA) of the Medical Entomology Laboratory (UEL). This work is supported by the State University of Londrina and ADAPTA/CNPq: 573976/2008-2.
