**4. Discussion**

The data obtained in this research in relation to the main containers used by *A. aegypti* in urban area of tropical climate do not show statistical difference to the location in the peridomicile and the intradomicile of the residences, however, only the containers of the peridomicile have been found positive for immature forms, especially the storage group, which recorded the highest number of immature *A. aegypti*. Studies on the survey of potential *A. aegypti* breeding sites in the state of Ceará show that large containers such as water boxes hold *A. aegypti* larvae, and that containers found around the university such as cups, plastic bottles aluminum lunchboxes and small plastic containers contained *A. aegypti* eggs. In the present work we also found useless containers with foci of *A. aegypti* [27].

In the municipality of Caxias, Maranhão, other works have already been developed to characterize breeding sites most frequented by *A. aegypti* and *A. albopictus* [24, 25, 28] and also found preference for containers in the storage group, mainly tanks, barrels and basins, which are used by a large part of the local population to store water to be used in their daily activities, in view of the frequent lack of water in several districts of different municipal areas.

The routine of the residents to store water and other factors such as bad waste packaging and the local weather conditions, besides that dispersion of vector *A. aegypti* throughout the city, contribute to the occurrence of some diseases transmitted by *A. aegypti*, particularly Chikungunya and Zika, which is the target of an epidemic in this city during the accomplishment of this research (complementary information).

Artificial containers increasingly gain space in the urban environment, and inappropriate disposal favors conditions for vector mosquito breeding, among them *A. aegypti*, has demonstrated a high adaptive potential with the ability to colonize the most diverse breeding sites [29].

In relation to the exposure of *A. aegypti* breeding sites, the largest number of specimens has been collected in the rainy season in containers placed in the sun and in the dry season in shaded containers. These data demonstrate the adaptive evolution of *A. aegypti* that for decades according to [30], in Florida, [31] in the United States and by [32], in Brazil, has preferred only by shady containers, protected by trees, branches or slopes.

When analyzing the habitat of *A. aegypti*, it has been observed in a greater number of specimens in containers with organic matter presence, both in the

**115**

*Characterization of the Proliferation Sites of* Aedes aegypti *(Diptera: Culicidae)…*

rainy season and in the dry season [33]. When analyzing the effect of water quality on the life cycle of *A. aegypti,* there registered a significant decrease in the complete development of immature forms in relation to water and diet. This fact can justify the decrease in the number of specimens found in completely clean containers, without leaves, mosses, fruit residue or any other type of organic

Artificial containers are distinguished by their favorable conditions for proliferation of vector mosquitoes. The storage group is the main breeding site of *A. aegypti*, but other groups such as flasks and tires have also witnessed immature forms. It has been found that breeding sites between 0 and 50 cm deserve attention in the fight against *A. aegypti* because the accumulation of small containers such as bottles, glasses, sardine cans, soda cans and tires stacked in the peridomicile of homes or improperly discarded in the streets and corners contribute to the disper-

Most mosquitoes have a preference for the site of development, looking for conditions that help in their survival and proliferation. The residences offer ideal conditions for their growth and proliferation, since human blood that is part of their diet is easily found, as well as standing water and organic matter that enhances

The storage group was the most frequent breeding site for *A. aegypti*; these containers are often found in the municipality under study, and in rainy seasons deserve extra attention, as residents collect rainwater for use in domestic activities,

Disordering dump and inadequate maintenance of domestic containers mainly

The knowledge about the preferred sites for *A. aegypti* development is of fundamental importance as it contributes to the development of new strategies to control

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde (PPGBAS); and Fundação de Pesquisa e

Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA).

significantly increasing the number of breeding sites in the municipality.

and mortality of diseases transmitted by *A. aegypti*.

during periods of high rainfall, associated with favorable conditions of shade, height compatible with the ability to fly along with organic matter deposited in the bottom or edge of the breeding grounds favor the creation of these vectors. So, it becomes essential control measures and regular monitoring intra, peri and extra domicile residences, as well as information campaigns showing cases, notifications

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89959*

substrate.

sion of this vector.

**5. Conclusions**

their growth.

these mosquitoes.

**Acknowledgements**

*Characterization of the Proliferation Sites of* Aedes aegypti *(Diptera: Culicidae)… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89959*

rainy season and in the dry season [33]. When analyzing the effect of water quality on the life cycle of *A. aegypti,* there registered a significant decrease in the complete development of immature forms in relation to water and diet. This fact can justify the decrease in the number of specimens found in completely clean containers, without leaves, mosses, fruit residue or any other type of organic substrate.

Artificial containers are distinguished by their favorable conditions for proliferation of vector mosquitoes. The storage group is the main breeding site of *A. aegypti*, but other groups such as flasks and tires have also witnessed immature forms. It has been found that breeding sites between 0 and 50 cm deserve attention in the fight against *A. aegypti* because the accumulation of small containers such as bottles, glasses, sardine cans, soda cans and tires stacked in the peridomicile of homes or improperly discarded in the streets and corners contribute to the dispersion of this vector.
