Author details

cases evaluated considering normalized data. The XRMC presented the best agreement to the experimental data. Considering Geant4 the Livermore was the best physic list option. For absolute quantities calculated by applying

Theory, Application, and Implementation of Monte Carlo Method in Science and Technology

the significance level: one value for Inspiration (HVL) and one M3000 (BS) and few for Lorad (Mo25Rh and Mo30Mo) and Inspiration (ISL). Despite these particular cases of null hypothesis rejection, the overall evaluation for each transport model considering all studied cases presented few null hypothesis rejections for Geant4 MCCT using Catalogue spectra. So, it is recommendable to use spectra from Barnes et al. that were validated using both MCCTs (XRMC and Geant4). The use of only the theoretical correction factor for absolute quantities is not encouraged to perform validation, unless the AD knows pretty well the total number of photons emitted by the tube for the irradiation condition. Normalized data may be used associated to theoretical spectra to understand behaviors and tendencies of dosimetric quantities and to explore the influence of changes in the data acquisition but not to define absolute

• Comparison—the spectra generated at the entrance surface of the detector by both MCCTs always presented p values above the significance level of 0.05 for normalized data, showing that for this case the spectra generated by the same setup were from the same population (equal) within statistical significance. For absolute quantities calculated by applying semiempirical correction factors, one p value was under the significance level for Lorad (Mo25Rh) and one for Inspiration (ISL). Despite of these particular cases of null hypothesis rejection, the overall evaluation for each transport model considering all the evaluated cases presented no significant difference between XRMC and Geant4 which is compatible with the internal consistency of the transport models

• Reliability—the qualitative reliability evaluation based on graphics makes possible to observe that the more consistent data occurs for the simulation of the M3000. The graphics allowed to observe the tendencies when comparing simulated data to experimental data considering overall data and specific subgroups. This visual observation shows a consistency with the statistical tables, presenting sensitivity to help on data classification for a detailed

The methods to test a MCCT application are indispensable in the good practice of computational dosimetry and imaging because they guarantee the quality of the results, helping on the evaluation of the methodology limitations and making it possible to improve the trustability of the application and its results transposing

with safety the "computational world" to the "real world."

<sup>2</sup> p value under

semiempirical correction factors, all mammographs presented χ

quantities.

evoked.

analysis.

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Gabriela Hoff<sup>1</sup> \*, Bruno Golosio1,2, Elaine E. Streck3 and Viviana Fanti1,2

1 Università degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

2 INFN Sezione, Cagliari, Italy

3 Independent Researcher, Brazil

\*Address all correspondence to: ghoff.gesic@gmail.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
