Contents


Preface

The ion beam, a charged particle beam of various energies, is a standard research tool in many areas of science, from basic nuclear physics to diverse areas in atomic physics, materials science, and medical sciences. It is an advanced and versatile tool that frequently discovers applications across a broad range of disciplines and fields. In this book, we compile the latest research and development on recent progress in ion beam

The first part of the book covers the latest research on energetic ion beam irradiation/ implantation-induced materials modifications. Detailed recent experimental research on the effect of low- and high-energy ion irradiation in nanomaterials is presented in this section. Ion beam irradiation-induced phase transformation and nanowelding of nanowires and nanotubes are discussed in this section. Crystal defects play a pivotal role in the physical properties of nanomaterials. The study of ion beam irradiation-induced defects is also presented in this section. The effects of neutrons on the structural materials of future fusion nuclear reactors are very severe and they will have to withstand a very harsh environment. The ion beam experiments approach is effective in emulating a nuclear fusion environment on structural materials. This section also addresses ion irradiation-induced damage of structural materials of future fusion nuclear reactors. The final segment of this section addresses the most important applications of ion implanters. The ion implantation technique is discussed as a novel approach to the modification and optimization of the physical–chemical properties of titanium dioxide

for dye-sensitized solar cells with metallic and non-metallic ion implantation.

The second part of the book defines recent achievements in focused ion beam applications. Focused ion beam tomography is one of a number of unique techniques that are continuously improving. This technique contributes to the acquaintance of qualitative and quantitative analysis, 3D volume creations, and image processing. In this book, recent advancements in focused ion beam instrumentation and its use as a 3D imaging tool for different samples ranging from nanometer-sized materials to micrometer-sized

The final segment of the book addresses the most important applications of ion beam analysis. In this section, ion beam analysis techniques are thoroughly discussed to create interest among researchers in the engineering of ion beam techniques. The investigation of toxic metals in the tobacco of Pakistani cigarettes using

Finally, we would like to thank the Authors for their remarkable efforts and Mr. Josip

NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials

**Ishaq Ahmad**

**Tingkai Zhao**

Xi'an, China

and Defects Engineering, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University,

the proton-induced X-ray emission technique is presented in detail.

Knapic, the Author Service Manager for his support.

techniques and their applications.

biological samples are discussed.
