**3.3 Ion beam-induced structural changes in Ni nanowires**

The XRD measurements taken at room temperature before and after exposure to the beam of H+ ions on Ni-NWs are seen in **Figure 6**. The XRD patterns exhibit peaks of face-centered cubic planes (111) and (200) of Ni-NWs [20]. Changes in angle positions are not observed after proton irradiation; whereas, the intensities of the peaks were seen to increase after exposure to H+ ions beam. The increase in peaks intensities might be associated with improvement in the crystalline structure of NWs. The crystalline structure might be improved due to the localized heating effect of Ni-NWs induced by H+ ions beam irradiation.

**11**

*Ion Implantation in Metal Nanowires*

**Author details**

Pakistan

University, Xi'an, China

Shehla Honey1,2\*, Asim Jamil3

Tingkai Zhao6,7 and Maaza Malek2

1 Department of Physics, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan

South Africa, iThemba LABS-NRF, Somerset West, South Africa

2 UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, University of

4 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

6 NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

5 National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad,

Defects Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China

7 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical

\*Address all correspondence to: shehlahoney@yahoo.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

3 Department of Computer Science, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan

, Samson O. Aisida4,5, Ishaq Ahmad5,6,

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92328*

*Ion Beam Techniques and Applications*

sites in nanowire lattices.

in Cu-NWs.

to the beam of H+

effect of Ni-NWs induced by H+

crystal planes (200) and (220), respectively. These peaks and intensities showed that Cu-NWs had a polycrystalline structure. XRD results are confirmed with the HRTEM images as shown in **Figure 5(a)**. While if we observe XRD patterns of proton irradiated Cu-NWs, some new peaks appeared at low angle positions (see **Figure 5(b–d)**). These new peaks are of Cu2O, showing that Cu nanowires might be oxidized due to oxygen atoms trapped into proton irradiation-induced defect

These defects sites were observed by HRTEM study of ion irradiated in Cu-NWs. It was observed that at low ion irradiation, few point defects were created as the ion fluence increases, these point defects agglomerate to form large amorphous zones. These defects and amorphous zones give a path to O atom to form the Cu2O phase

The XRD measurements taken at room temperature before and after exposure

peaks of face-centered cubic planes (111) and (200) of Ni-NWs [20]. Changes in angle positions are not observed after proton irradiation; whereas, the intensities

peaks intensities might be associated with improvement in the crystalline structure of NWs. The crystalline structure might be improved due to the localized heating

ions beam irradiation.

ions on Ni-NWs are seen in **Figure 6**. The XRD patterns exhibit

ions beam. The increase in

**3.3 Ion beam-induced structural changes in Ni nanowires**

of the peaks were seen to increase after exposure to H+

**10**
