**3.5 Construction of a simultaneous removal system and removal tests**

The illustration image of the present system is shown in **Figure 11**. **Figure 12** shows a photograph of the system constructed. This system is a flow type and consists of a surface water inlet, a pump, a photosynthesis enhancer, a calcium chloride injector, a reaction bath for both precipitation and coagulation, a mixing pump, and a sand filtration column. The surface water inlet and the pump were set in a bath that is assumed as pond. **Figure 13** shows a photograph of each part in this system. Using a sand filtration column of the present system, the pond water was treated. As a result, the blue-green algae were removed between 63 and 85%, and phosphate ion was removed between 43 and 69% (**Table 2**). These results were very primitive; however, there must be basic and promising important findings.

#### **Figure 10.**

*Constitution of a sand filter for reverse cleaning (not in scale). Sponge is made with nonwoven fabric of nylon and polyester (3M company, USA).*

**31**

**Figure 12.**

*Water Chemical Remediation for Simultaneous Removal of Phosphate Ion and Blue-Green Algae…*

*Cell concentration was calculated from the value obtained by optical density at 600 nm (OD600).*

*Schematic design of a simultaneous phosphate ion and blue-green algae removal system.*

*Photograph of a simultaneous phosphate ion and blue-green algae removal system.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88490*

*Sand filtration of algae-growth medium after CaCl2 addition (n = 3).*

*\**

**Table 1.**

**Figure 11.**

*Water Chemical Remediation for Simultaneous Removal of Phosphate Ion and Blue-Green Algae… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88490*


*\* Cell concentration was calculated from the value obtained by optical density at 600 nm (OD600).*

#### **Table 1.**

*Water Chemistry*

simultaneous removal tests.

cylinder (P:Ca = 1:100 in molar ratio). Then, *M. aeruginosa* was coagulated immediately (**Figure 9**). After leaving for half a day, the medium was used for subsequent

A medium of 100 mL flowed into a sand filtration column which was prepared for three columns (**Figure 10**). The column was designed for reverse cleaning to recover both phosphate ion and *M. aeruginosa* from the sample. The results showed the possibility as a simultaneous removal of phosphate ion and *M. aeruginosa* (**Table 1**). Next, we examined using the pond water in the same way. As a result, phosphate ion in the pond water (adjusted to pH 10.5) could be removed 65.8% from 0.719 to 0.246 ± 0.0023 mg/L (*n* = 3). Based on these results, we next constructed a simultaneous removal system.

The illustration image of the present system is shown in **Figure 11**. **Figure 12** shows a photograph of the system constructed. This system is a flow type and consists of a surface water inlet, a pump, a photosynthesis enhancer, a calcium chloride injector, a reaction bath for both precipitation and coagulation, a mixing pump, and a sand filtration column. The surface water inlet and the pump were set in a bath that is assumed as pond. **Figure 13** shows a photograph of each part in this system. Using a sand filtration column of the present system, the pond water was treated. As a result, the blue-green algae were removed between 63 and 85%, and phosphate ion was removed between 43 and 69% (**Table 2**). These results were very primitive;

*Constitution of a sand filter for reverse cleaning (not in scale). Sponge is made with nonwoven fabric of nylon* 

**3.5 Construction of a simultaneous removal system and removal tests**

however, there must be basic and promising important findings.

**30**

**Figure 10.**

*and polyester (3M company, USA).*

*Sand filtration of algae-growth medium after CaCl2 addition (n = 3).*

#### **Figure 11.**

*Schematic design of a simultaneous phosphate ion and blue-green algae removal system.*

#### **Figure 13.**

*Parts of a simultaneous phosphate ion and blue-green algae removal system. (a) Surface water inlet and pump in pond water bath, (b) side view of surface water inlet, (c) inside of photosynthesis enhancer, (d) lighting of photosynthesis enhancer, (e) calcium chloride injector, (f) piping structure of calcium chloride injector, (g) reaction bath, (h) structure of sand filtration column, and (i) treated water.*


**Table 2.**

*Simultaneous removal test of both blue-green algae and phosphate ion from pond water (n = 1).*
