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## Meet the editors

Dr. Farooq Shah is a Pakistani scientist who is working as an Associate Professor at the Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. His research interests mainly include crop responses to various abiotic stresses, particularly heat stress. He received his PhD degree from Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, with specialization in Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems. He has more than 80

research articles to his credit, which are published in highly reputed journals. He is the editorial board member and reviewer of many peer-reviewed SCI journals. He has participated in several international training and faculty exchange programs in several countries. Dr. Shah is a member of the National Curriculum Revision Committee constituted by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for Agronomy and several other international professional societies. Presently, he is doing his post-doctorate studies at the Northwest Agriculture & Forest University Yangling, Shaanxi, China.

Dr. Zafar Hayat Khan is an agronomist and is currently working as Chairman of the Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. After completion of his PhD from the University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2011, he joined Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan as an Assistant Professor. He has been involved in teaching, research, and administrative activities in the university. He is a member of the National Curriculum

Revision Committee on Agronomy in Pakistan. He co-edited a book titled "Rice Crop: Current Developments" in 2018. He has published many research articles on different crops in peer-reviewed and reputed journals. His prime focus is on research related to best agronomic practices and modern technologies in the wake of a changing climate and food security. He has been actively involved in organizing national and international seminars, workshops, and conferences.

Dr. Amjad Iqbal is currently working as Associate Professor in the Department of Food Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. He received his PhD degree from The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom in Biological Sciences. Dr. Iqbal has published 100 research articles in highly reputed journals such as Frontiers in Plant Science, Annals of Botany, Journal of Experimental Botany, Food Chemistry, PlosONE, and Food

and Nutrition Research, etc. He has also reviewed many articles for SCI journals and is a member of the editorial boards of several journals. Dr. Iqbal has his PostDocs from UK and China and has served a year as a Talented Young Scientist in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan-P.R.China.

Dr. Metin Turan was born in Turkey in 1972. He obtained his PhD degree in 2002 from the Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, at Atatürk University, Turkey. He is currently working as a Professor in the Genetics and Bioengineering Department at the Yeditepe University, Turkey. He has published more than a hundred papers in reputed journals. Dr. Turan is a scientific member of many organizations and has chaired many Contents

and In Vitro

the United States

Prospects

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 9**

**Chapter 3 21**

**Chapter 4 45**

**Chapter 5 73**

**Chapter 6 89**

**Chapter 7 105**

**Chapter 8 123**

*Rana Muhammad Atif, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Ibrahim A. Alaraidh,* 

(*T. aestivum* L.) and Its Wild Congeners to Drought Condition In Vivo

Improving Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat in the Southern Great Plains of

*by Frank Maulana, Joshua D. Anderson, Twain J. Butler and Xue-Feng Ma*

*by Sendhil Ramadas, T.M. Kiran Kumar and Gyanendra Pratap Singh*

Rice Grain Quality: Current Developments and Future Prospects

Neglected and Underutilized Legume Crops: Improvement and Future

*by Jacob Popoola, Omena Ojuederie, Conrad Omonhinmin and Adegoke Adegbite*

*by Nina Terletskaya, Meruert Kurmanbayeva and Ulzhan Erezhetova*

Introductory Chapter: Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research *by Adil Hussain, Amjad Iqbal, Zafar Hayat Khan and Farooq Shah*

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Grain Crops

Wheat in the Era of Genomics and Transgenics

*Aysha Kiran, Iqrar Ahmad Rana and Gyuhwa Chung*

Wheat Production in India: Trends and Prospects

*by Neerja Sharma and Renu Khanna*

*by Adil Hussain, Qari Muhammad Imran and Byung-Wook Yun*

*by Usman Babar, Usama Arshad, Muhammad Tehseen Azhar,* 

Morphophysiological and Photosynthetic Reactions of Wheat

conferences in Turkey and other European countries.

Dr. Murat Olgun was born in Turkey in 1961. He obtained his PhD degree in 2002 from the Field Crops Department, at Ataturk University, Turkey. He is currently working as a professor at Field Crops Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey. He has more than a hundred papers published in various journals. Dr. Olgun has held many international workshops and conferences in Turkey and other countries.

## Contents


Preface

Global food security is highly dependent on grain crops, which produce edible dry seeds that serve as a good source of protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins. Being the most critical component of a human diet, it is not astonishing that over 50% of world daily caloric intake is derived directly from grains. These crops are grown in greater quantities worldwide than any other crop and have undoubtedly played a

Current crop production systems are under unprecedented pressure, not only due to the galloping world population but also because of changes in the climate. The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events such as drought and extreme temperatures are some of the key hindrances that threaten the sustainability of

Recent developments in agriculture have only been possible due to the innovations and advancements in the field of biotechnology. Efforts are under way for development of molecular markers, mapping of genes, sequencing of marker genes, and their utilization through marker-assisted selection. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and the CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) nucleases are some of the remarkable breakthroughs that are shaping the future's agriculture.

Ensuring proper water availability is pivotal for crop production. Scientists are focusing on developing drought resistant varieties of grain crops through conventional breeding methods as well as through the use of molecular biology and

Quality characteristics of grains are major determinants of market price, which includes milling, physical appearance, cooking, sensory, palatability, and nutritional value. A better understanding of the factors that regulate these quality

Intensive production systems involving major grain crops all over the world have contributed to soil deterioration. One promissory approach is to emphasize soil sustainability through neglected and underutilized grain legumes (MNUGLs) to withstand the effects of abiotic stresses, climate change, and to boost nutritional security.

This book has been co-edited by editors from Pakistan and Turkey, and as a joint venture; we proudly dedicate this effort to the everlasting friendship between two

**Farooq Shah**

Pakistan

Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,

characteristics will be useful for developing new breeding strategies.

key role in shaping human civilization.

brotherly nations: Pakistan and Turkey.

agricultural systems.

biotechnology.
