**Acknowledgements**

This chapter was completed with financial support through the EU ERA-Net Sumforest project BenchValue (Formas Grant Number 2016-02113). It is based on translated parts of a report in Swedish, "Miljöbedömning av energibärare – vägledning för livscykelanalyser," produced within the framework of the North European Energy Perspectives Project (NEPP). Jenny Gode, Mathias Gustavsson, Erik Dotzauer, and Lisa Hallberg contributed valuable input to this report. The methods and concepts presented in this chapter were to a large extent developed by or in collaboration with Bo Weidema, Göran Finnveden, and other international LCA experts. However, the author is solely responsible for the final content of the chapter.
