**3.6 Software sustainability**

There are various territories in which programming manageability longings to be connected [21]: framework programming, programming related items, Web based applications, server farms, and so forth. Diverse works are in process, yet the greater part of this worries server farms, which expend extensively best vitality than business office space. As noted in, the core opportunity for energy savings in computers is found in reducing the amount of energy consumed in idle modes; that is, when the computer is on but not being used [27]. Idle modes are the largest opportunity to reduce energy consumption because computers spend roughly half of the time in this "on mode." In addition, high idle-mode consumption greatly increases the effectiveness of power management settings to reduce overall computer energy consumption. Automatic power management settings are often disabled, which means computers are constantly consuming significant amounts of power when not in use (for example, 50 W in idle mode compared to 2 W in sleep mode).

The software sustainability [30] is the one part of the software engineering sustainability should usually be considered into account from the first software stages of development process. This process is not always feasible, because it is not easy to change how developers work. The core opportunity for energy savings regarding computer monitors is to reduce the amount of energy used in active (on) mode. Reducing the amount of energy used in on mode is the largest energy-saving opportunity because computer monitors spend about 30% of the time in this mode. About 20% of the computer monitors in the market today meet the ENERGY STAR® Version 7.0 standards. The proposed regulations for mainstream computer monitors are slightly more stringent than the ENERGY STAR Version 7.0 specification and about 30% more stringent than ENERGY STAR Version 6.0. About 14% of current models would meet the proposed standards. Most monitors would need to reduce only their power consumption by 3–5 W to comply. This goal can be met by replacing components with efficient light-emitting diode lights, light-emitting diode drivers, and power supplies that are available in the market at prices comparable to the inefficient technologies.

Supportable HCI is a sub-field of **h**uman-**c**omputer **i**nteraction (HCI) that spotlights on the association amongst people and aptitude out of sight of sustainability [2]. Practical HCI had its beginning stage in 2007, when E. Blevis initially exhibited the possibility of Sustainable Interaction Design (SID). Supportability was measured a noteworthy paradigm for the plan of information, as vital in the outline procedure as criteria, for example, ease of use or strength.

Green and sustainable software engineering is the art of progressing green software engineering process therefore it is art of describing and promoting software products in a way [27]. So that the negative and positive impacts on sustainable development that result and or expected to result from the software product over it is whole life cycle are continuously assessed, documented and used for a further optimization of the software products [19].

According to [21], as identified different definitions sustainability, in general it considered from three different dimensions that are provided by the UN that is social, economic and environmental sustainability.

"Green IS and IT" represent to IS and IT products. The author describes what is Green IS and IT. Here, they tried to find out how the software is handled by an organization and how they maintain the emission and practices of disposal of IT spares without affecting the environment, whose objective is to avoid the pollution; Green Information System as inclusive of Green IT comprehensively has to be followed by the developers (people) and in software processes and technologies, and has to be maintained by person or group of person and public goals of program and prospective to influence on the sustainability of software company and communities giving threat for climate transform and other environmental aspects of dreadful conditions (**Figure 2**).

**69**

*Green and Sustainability in Software Development Lifecycle Process*

use, not accounting for computer monitor consumption.

**3.7 Criteria and metrics for sustainability**

1.Common quality and measurements.

2.Directly related criteria and measurements.

3.Indirectly related criteria measurements.

three categories [20] there are

Criteria and measurements for supportability of a product items to spoke to in

Based on the first-order effects of ICT supply, Second order effects of ICT use and Third order effects of Systemic effect of ICT respectively. Hardware obsolescence should be a genuine quality property of Green and Sustainable Software,

In a broad sense, computers are everywhere and consist of both specialized and generic systems. This report focuses on computers that constitute significant loads in buildings and specifically investigates energy-efficiency opportunities in five broad computer form factors: desktops, notebooks, small-scale servers, thin clients, and workstations. While the number of tablets in homes is increasing, the energy use of these products is relatively low, and the opportunity for savings is minimal due to existing battery charger regulations and market pressure to achieve high efficiency to enhance battery life. Therefore, this staff report does not include analysis on tablet computers. In homes, the most common form factors are notebooks and desktops. While there are more notebooks than desktops in California, the energy consumption of a desktop is more than double that of a notebook. This energy consumption increases when computer monitor energy use is included, which is necessary for functionality. **Table 1** shows estimates of home computer energy consumption with estimates ranging between 2.5 and 4.4% of all home electricity

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88030*

**Figure 2.** *Sustainability dimensions.*

## *Green and Sustainability in Software Development Lifecycle Process DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88030*

*Sustainability Assessment at the 21st Century*

rable to the inefficient technologies.

optimization of the software products [19].

social, economic and environmental sustainability.

opportunity because computer monitors spend about 30% of the time in this mode. About 20% of the computer monitors in the market today meet the ENERGY STAR® Version 7.0 standards. The proposed regulations for mainstream computer monitors are slightly more stringent than the ENERGY STAR Version 7.0 specification and about 30% more stringent than ENERGY STAR Version 6.0. About 14% of current models would meet the proposed standards. Most monitors would need to reduce only their power consumption by 3–5 W to comply. This goal can be met by replacing components with efficient light-emitting diode lights, light-emitting diode drivers, and power supplies that are available in the market at prices compa-

Supportable HCI is a sub-field of **h**uman-**c**omputer **i**nteraction (HCI) that spotlights on the association amongst people and aptitude out of sight of sustainability [2]. Practical HCI had its beginning stage in 2007, when E. Blevis initially exhibited the possibility of Sustainable Interaction Design (SID). Supportability was measured a noteworthy paradigm for the plan of information, as vital in the

Green and sustainable software engineering is the art of progressing green software engineering process therefore it is art of describing and promoting software products in a way [27]. So that the negative and positive impacts on sustainable development that result and or expected to result from the software product over it is whole life cycle are continuously assessed, documented and used for a further

According to [21], as identified different definitions sustainability, in general it considered from three different dimensions that are provided by the UN that is

"Green IS and IT" represent to IS and IT products. The author describes what is Green IS and IT. Here, they tried to find out how the software is handled by an organization and how they maintain the emission and practices of disposal of IT spares without affecting the environment, whose objective is to avoid the pollution; Green Information System as inclusive of Green IT comprehensively has to be followed by the developers (people) and in software processes and technologies, and has to be maintained by person or group of person and public goals of program and prospective to influence on the sustainability of software company and communities giving threat for climate transform and other environmental aspects of dreadful conditions (**Figure 2**).

outline procedure as criteria, for example, ease of use or strength.

**68**

**Figure 2.**

*Sustainability dimensions.*

In a broad sense, computers are everywhere and consist of both specialized and generic systems. This report focuses on computers that constitute significant loads in buildings and specifically investigates energy-efficiency opportunities in five broad computer form factors: desktops, notebooks, small-scale servers, thin clients, and workstations. While the number of tablets in homes is increasing, the energy use of these products is relatively low, and the opportunity for savings is minimal due to existing battery charger regulations and market pressure to achieve high efficiency to enhance battery life. Therefore, this staff report does not include analysis on tablet computers. In homes, the most common form factors are notebooks and desktops. While there are more notebooks than desktops in California, the energy consumption of a desktop is more than double that of a notebook. This energy consumption increases when computer monitor energy use is included, which is necessary for functionality. **Table 1** shows estimates of home computer energy consumption with estimates ranging between 2.5 and 4.4% of all home electricity use, not accounting for computer monitor consumption.

