**Conflict of interest**

*Agronomy - Climate Change and Food Security*

TIBA (triiodobenzoic

TIBA (triiodobenzoic

NAA (naphthalene acetic acid)

NAA (naphthalene acetic acid)

NAA (naphthalene acetic acid)

NAA (naphthalene acetic acid)

NAA (naphthalene acetic acid)

NAA (naphthalene acetic acid)

(dichloropropionic acid)

Dalapon

chloride)

**Table 3.**

Dalapon and a-chloropropionate

FW-450 (sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate)

CCC ((2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium

acid)

acid)

**PGR Target/response Crop** Ethrel Lower male female flower ratio Cucumber

Ethrel Increased yield Cucumber, bitter gourd, cucurbits, potato,

Induction of male sterility Tomato

MH (maleic hydrazide) Induction of male sterility Tomato, coriander, pepper, okra, onion,

Decreased number of male flowers Cucumber

Induce parthenocarpy Bitter gourd

Induction of male sterility Pea, tomato

Supression of anther dehiscence Pepper tomato

Induction of male sterility Tomato

Selectively inhibited the development of stamen or suppressed pollen

of stamen or suppressed pollen

Indole acetic acid (IAA) Decreased male flowers Cucumber

Indole acetic acid (IAA) Increased pistillate flowers Cucurbits, cucumber

*Growth regulators used for higher seed production in the vegetables based on Prajapati et al. [58].*

ABA (abscisic acid) Selectively inhibited the development

characteristics

Indole acetic acid (IAA) Improved yield and quality

Induce male sterility Tomato and squash

Increased number of female flowers Cucurbits, sponge gourd

Increased fruit set/yield Cucumber, bottle gourd, tomato, chilli,

Tomato

Tomato

Okra, cauliflower

Ethrel Induction of male sterility Lettuce, eggplant, squash

Producing a favourable female to male ratio and increased number of fruits

MH (maleic hydrazide) Decreased number of male flowers Cucumber, sponge gourd

Reduce staminate-pistillate flower

ratio

pumpkin

Cucumber, squash, watermelon

capsicum, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage, onion, garlic, cucurbits, okra, tomato

squash, chilli, eggplant

Cucumber, squash

**66**

**10. Conclusions**

The essence of any seed programme is the excellent quality of seed, and this trait varies from the standpoint of genetic purity. The seed programme with no proper quality management of the seed will tend to fail. For that reason, the quality of vegetable seed is a necessary consideration. Underneath a standard seed technology chain, breeder seed is multiplied from nucleolus seed. The exercise of bulk enhance

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
