3.10.1 Leaf extracts

Methanolic leaf extracts showed strong antibacterial activities against oral bacteria, Streptococcus gordonii, S. anginosus, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, with minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of 0.156–0.625 mg/ml and 0.313– 0.625 mg/ml, respectively. These antibacterial effects may be related to some phenolic compounds isolated such as flavonoids [6]. Acetone leaf extract possessed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus species and antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, F. lateritium, F. roseum, Daporuthe nonurai, and Bipolaris leersiae [24]. Leaf extract also showed strongest nematicidal activity against the nematodes Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Ficus carica L. Fruits, Leaves... DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86660

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Panagrellus redivivus, and Caenorhabditis elegans with 74.3, 96.2, and 98.4% mortality, respectively, within 72 h [2].
