**7. Final remarks**

Cryptorchidism is one of the most common urogenital disorders found in postnatal boys. Main predisposing factor are: preterm birth, dysfunctional endocrine regulations, gene defects and environmental factors (endocrine disruptions). It is believed that testicular descent is hormonally regulated and although genetic, contribution is observed, the number of genes/mutations responsible for testis descent is relatively rare. Changed environment in testis located in abdomen may induce pathological reactions mainly resulted in immune response induction. This, however, seems to be a secondary phenomenon. Despite this, once triggered immune response may persist and underlie future infertility in adulthood. Early surgical intervention in cryptorchidism can be therefore recommended.
