**Abbreviations**


**113**

**Author details**

Enzo Maria Vingolo1

and Paolo Giuseppe Limoli2

2 Low Vision Center, Milan, Italy

provided the original work is properly cited.

\*, Laura Contento1

1 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, U.O.C. Ophthalmology, Sapienza University of Rome, Terracina, Italy

\*Address all correspondence to: enzomaria.vingolo@uniroma1.it

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

, Antonio Florido1

, Filippo Avogaro1

*Regenerative Medicine and Eye Diseases DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92749*

OS external segment ASC adipose stromal cells PLT adipose tissue and platelets

PRP platelet rich plasma

LRRT Limoli retinal restoration technique

*Regenerative Medicine and Eye Diseases DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92749*

*Regenerative Medicine*

ophthalmological field.

CK cytokeratin

LESCs limbal epithelial stem cells ADSC adipose-derived stem cells IPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells HPSC human pluripotent stem cells MSCs mesenchymal stem cells ESCs embryonic stem cells TAC transit amplifying cells LSCD limbal stem cell deficiency

AMD age-related macular disease RPE retinal pigment epithelium ERG electroretinography BCVA best corrected visual acuity RGC retinal ganglion cells RP retinitis pigmentosa DR diabetic retinopathy FGF fibroblast growth factor

VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

TGFβ transforming growth factor beta HG hepatocyte growth factor IGF-1 insulin growth factor

BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor

IL-1 RA interleukin 1 receptor antagonist MCP-1 chemoattractant monocyte protein 1

PEDF pigmented epithelium-derived factor PDGF platelet-derived growth factor PDAF platelet-derived angiogenesis factor

PIGF placental growth factor

CNTF ciliary neurotrophic factor

EGF epidermal growth factor

TSP thrombospondin MC Muller cells

SOD superoxide dismutase IFN-β interferon beta

PGE2R prostaglandin E2 receptor CNTF ciliary neurotrophic factor ES electrical stimulation VP visual performance

IL interleukin

M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor

GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor

ABCG2 ATP-binding cassette family G member 2

**Abbreviations**

of this method. We now know for sure that when placed in an appropriate tissue niche stem cells not only survive and proliferate but are capable of differentiating into proper retinal cells which exhibit functional characteristics of real photoreceptors, resulting in the development of a retina-like structure. Further studies are needed to put such promising experimental data into clinical practice and establish standardized procedures for the application of stem cell therapy in the

**112**

LRRT Limoli retinal restoration technique OS external segment ASC adipose stromal cells PLT adipose tissue and platelets PRP platelet rich plasma
