Meet the editors

Dr. Kırmusaoğlu, PhD, is an assistant professor of Microbiology at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, T.C. Haliç University. She specialized in Microbiology at Abant Izzet Baysal University (Biology Department), Turkey. Her previous experience includes laboratory manager at microbiology laboratories in several research and private hospitals. Throughout her career, she collaborated with academicians/researchers from Abant

Izzate Baysal University (AIBU), Middle East Technical University (METU), and Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, and has participated in various research projects. Dr. Kırmusaoğlu's research interests include medical microbiology, pathogenic bacteria, bacterial biofilms, antibiofilm and antibacterial activity, bacterial drug resistance, pathogen–host interactions, pathogenesis, molecular microbiology, and microbiota. She has published several international research articles, books, book chapters, and congress proceedings. She is also the editor of *Disinfection*, *Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antibacterial Control*, and *Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Methods* published by IntechOpen. In addition to these, she wrote the book *Genel Biyoloji Laboratuvar Kılavuzu* (*General Biology Laboratory Manual*) published by Hipokrat Publisher. She has contributed to a chapter translation of the book *Sherris Medical Microbiology* by Ryan et al. as one of the translation authors of *Sherris Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji*, which is a Turkish translated book edited by Prof. Dr. Dürdal Us and Prof. Dr. Ahmet Başustaoğlu.

Dr. Sonia Bhonchal Bhardwaj is currently an assistant professor at the Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh. She graduated with honors in Microbiology and received her PhD from Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. She has published nineteen international publications and three book chapters.

She received grants from the Department of Science and Technology (India) and worked on biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis in periodontitis, Streptococcus mutans, and phage therapy.

Contents

**Section 1**

Infections

**Section 2**

Population

*by Sonia Bhonchal Bhardwaj*

*Iram Liaqat and Bushra Mazhar*

*Legionella pneumophila*

**Preface XI**

Microbial Mechanism of Pathogenicity **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 15**

**Chapter 3 37**

Antimicrobial Resistance **59**

**Chapter 4 61**

**Chapter 5 71**

**Chapter 6 83**

Development of Biofilms for Antimicrobial Resistance *by Asma Bashir, Neha Farid, Kashif Ali and Kiran Fatima*

*Psuedomonas aeruginosa*-Associated Acute and Chronic Pulmonary

*by Nazish Mazhar Ali, Safia Rehman, Syed Abdullah Mazhar,* 

Exploitation of Phosphoinositides by the Intracellular Pathogen,

Carbapenem Resistance: Mechanisms and Drivers of Global Menace *by Bilal Aslam, Maria Rasool, Saima Muzammil, Abu Baker Siddique, Zeeshan Nawaz, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Asif Zahoor,* 

*Naveed Shahzad, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool and Zulqarnain Baloch*

*by Gastón Delpech, Leonardo García Allende and Mónica Sparo*

Enterococci: An Important Nosocomial Pathogen

Mobile Genetic Elements in Vancomycin-Resistant *Enterococcus faecium*

*by Colleen M. Pike, Rebecca R. Noll and M. Ramona Neunuebel*

*Rana Binyamin, Muhammad Waseem, Mohsin Khurshid, Muhammad Imran Arshad, Muhammad Aamir Aslam,* 
