*2.3.5 Urinalysis and smartphones*

Smartphone technologies improved the quality of life in countless fronts, and it has large potential for applications in the medical field. With point-of-care testing attracting much attention in recent years, smartphone solutions can be a valuable tool in this regard. It can, for example, increase the compliance of populations with screening programs by offering easy and fast screening method [80]. Studies exploring the possibility of establishing a smartphone-based diagnostic platform for rapid detection of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses showed valuable prospective [20]. Several other smartphone applications utilizing urinalysis for various diagnostic reasons had been tested, and it shows promising future prospective which can greatly help both medical practitioners and patients alike [67, 81, 82].
