Microbial Mechanism of Pathogenicity

**3**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

cance in ecology.

**1. Introduction**

encased in a polymer network [1].

Development of Biofilms for

*Asma Bashir, Neha Farid, Kashif Ali and Kiran Fatima*

Biofilms are a unit referred to as assemblage of microbial cells growing as surface-attached microbial communities within the natural surroundings. Their genetic and physiological aspects are widely studied. Biofilm development involves the assembly of extracellular compound substances that forms the most bailiwick network. Quorum sensing is one more crucial development specifically connected with biofilm formation in several microorganism species. In ecological purpose, the biofilm offers protection against unfavorable conditions and provides a platform for the genetic transfer. A biofilm-forming bacterium area unit is medically necessary, as they are resistant to several antibiotics and might spread resistant genes. This chapter provides the summary of microorganism biofilm formation and its signifi-

**Keywords:** biofilms, resistance, microbes, disease, antimicrobial agents

In the years which pursued the historical backdrop of microbiology, microscopic organisms have been for the most part contemplated as planktonic (free-floating) forms, the investigation of which contributed particularly to the comprehension of fundamental physiological procedures. It was just late 1960s and mid-1970s when the broad physical and chemical examinations of surface-attached microbes began coming up and the prevalence of surface-related microorganisms (biofilms) was perceived. A significant part of the prior work on biofilm characterization depended on the instruments, for example, scanning electron microscopy and standard microbiological culture procedures. The utilization of scanning electron microscopy by scientists uncovered that the biofilms are made out of a blend of various microorganisms; and the matrix material was predominantly made out of polysaccharide. The first genuine examination of biofilm was made by Costerton JW and KJ in 1978 when their examinations demonstrated that numerous microorganisms spend their most part of life inside surface-attached, sessile networks

Initially the studies on biofilm were mostly focused on the structure of the polymer network or "glycocalyx" which was later portrayed by Costerton as an ion exchange network, thought to trap supplements from the surroundings [1]. Costerton found that the glycocalyx was a hydrated polyanionic polysaccharide network created by the polymerases inserted in the lipopolysaccharide part of bacterial cell wall [2]. In a watery situation (at the strong/fluid interface), biofilm generation assumes a noteworthy role in the assimilation and convergence of natural and

Antimicrobial Resistance
