**Meet the editor**

Xiaoming Li, MD, PhD is now Professor and Director of Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, China. He is now the Head of Surgical Head and Neck Oncology Section, Chinese Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Society. His special interest in clinic is surgical management of head and neck cancers including tumor resection and one-stage

reconstruction. His expertise in surgical salvage for advanced recurrent head and squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is recognized in that he gave two special talks in round table session on reconstructive surgery for HNSCC and one keynote lecture on salvage surgery of recurrent HNSCC in recent two IFOS world congresses. Over the years, he conducted a series of studies on the clinopathologic features of HNSCC, defining some important factors for predicting metastasis and recurrence. He also devotes himself to in-depth investigation on molecular aspects of tumor invasion and progression, and therapeutic resistance of HNSCC. He was a research scientist from 1999 to 2002 in the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, USA. He was visiting professor of several universities in the world. He published a paper in Nature in 2003 for definition of a new pathway on TNF receptor signaling. His research work is now focusing on genetic manipulations of resistance of HNSCC to chemoradiation by targeting some genes and cell populations such as cancer stem cells.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

**Part 1 Features and Managment of Some** 

Vinicius Vazquez, Sergio Serrano

Chapter 3 **Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma 53**  Charmaine C. Anderson, Brian H. Le and Bernice Robinson-Bennett

Chapter 4 **Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma 67** 

**for Squamous Cell Carcinoma 77** 

Chapter 5 **Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Using Platinum-Based** 

Tadahiro Shoji, Eriko Takatori, Hideo Omi,

Akira Yoshizaki and Toru Sugiyama

Chapter 6 **Combined Therapy For Squamous Carcinoma Cells: Application of Porphyrin-Alkaloid Modified Gold Nanoparticles 93** 

> Jarmila Králová, Kamil Záruba, Pavel Řezanka, Pavla Poučková, Lenka Veverková and Vladimír Král

**Regimens for Stage Ib2-II Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix 79** 

Masahiro Kagabu, Tastuya Honda, Yuichi Morohara, Seisuke Kumagai, Fumiharu Miura, Satoshi Takeuchi,

**Part 2 Adjuvant Therapeutic Strategies** 

and Renato Capuzzo

Jasim Radhi

**Specific Squamous Cell Carcinomas 1** 

Chapter 2 **Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin 33** 

Chapter 1 **Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 3**  Xiaoming Li, Yupeng Shen, Bin Di and Qi Song

## Contents

#### **Preface XIII**


Jarmila Králová, Kamil Záruba, Pavel Řezanka, Pavla Poučková, Lenka Veverková and Vladimír Král X Contents


Contents VII

**Part 6 Genetic Manipulation and Its Possible Clinical** 

**Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck 255**

William Ignace Wei and Raymond King-Yin Tsang

Chapter 16 **Structural Features, Biological Functions of the Alpha-1** 

Shahla Mohammad Ganji, Ferdous Rastgar Jazii

**Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 293** 

Chapter 15 **MicroRNA Dysregulation in Squamous** 

and Abbas Sahebghadam-Lotfi

Chapter 17 **Vitamin D3 and Its Role in the Treatment of** 

M. Rita I. Young and David D. Walker

**Part 7 Miscellaneous 291** 

**Implications for Squamous Cell Carcinoma 253** 

Thian-Sze Wong, Wei Gao, Wai-Kuen Ho, Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan,

**Antitrypsin and Contribution to Esophageal Cancer 281** 

#### **Part 6 Genetic Manipulation and Its Possible Clinical Implications for Squamous Cell Carcinoma 253**


#### **Part 7 Miscellaneous 291**

VI Contents

**Part 3 Molecular Aspects of Tumor Invasion and** 

Chapter 7 **Cadherin Expression and Progression of** 

Chapter 8 **The Role of EphB4 and EphrinB2 in Head** 

Eric J. Yavrouian, Uttam K. Sinha

Chapter 9 **Involvement of Squamous Cell Carcinoma** 

Akihiro Murakami, Keiko Yoshidomi

**Part 4 Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Head** 

Maya Mathew and Sufi Mary Thomas

**in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma 195** 

**Part 5 Cancer Stem Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma 213** 

**Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) – Roles of Hypoxic Microenvironment and Cancer Stem Cell 215** Xiaoming Li, Qingjia Sun and Yupeng Shen

**Lung Cancer: The Stem Cell Target 233** 

Guadalupe Aparicio Gallego, Vanessa Medina Villaamil, Guillermo Alonso Curbera and L. Antón Aparicio

Tsuyoshi Shimo and Akira Sasaki

Chapter 13 **Molecular Mechanisms Involving Therapeutic** 

Chapter 14 **New Therapeutic Strategies in Small Cell** 

**and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 161** 

**Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 163** 

Chapter 11 **Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF/CCN2) in Oral** 

**Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Induced Bone Destruction 175** 

and Rizwan Masood

and Norihiro Sugino

Chapter 10 **The Cellular Microenvironment of** 

Kıvanç Bektaş-Kayhan

Chapter 12 **Role of Inflammation** 

Kazushi Imai, Genta Maeda and Tadashige Chiba

**Progression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma 119** 

**and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 137** 

**Antigen in Invasion and Metastasis of** 

**Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix 153**

**Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity 121**

Chapter 17 **Vitamin D3 and Its Role in the Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 293**  M. Rita I. Young and David D. Walker

Preface

questions to address.

our regret for this book.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents a common malignancy of mankind. It originates in the squamous epithelia covering the external surface of the body or lining the inner surface of lumen of different body systems. Because of the diversity in the location of the primary tumors, patients may present with distinct clinicopathologic manifestations, making it necessary to manage them individually and multidisciplinarily. Even with marked advances in the understanding of the disease and treatment modalities, there are still many difficult problems to solve and unclear

This book is unique in that it supplies an in-depth discussion of a series of interesting topics on SCC. Firstly, the features and management of some specific SCC is discussed to give the readers the general principles in dealing with these uncommon and sophisticated conditions. Some new concepts in adjuvant therapy including neoadjuvant therapy and gold nanoparticle-based photo dynamic therapy are introduced, the latter of which shows a great promise in the treatment of SCC. Secondly, a detailed discussion of molecular aspects of tumor invasion and progression in SCC is provided with the emphasis on the roles of some important factors. The role of tumor microenvironment in head and neck SCC is specifically discussed, which is comprised of cellular and non-cellular components. Thirdly, as a relatively new concept, the roles of cancer stem cells (CSC) in cancer therapy of SCC are described. Molecular mechanisms involving therapeutic resistance and new therapeutic strategies targeting CSC are discussed in detail. Finally, other aspects concerning SCC are also included, which involve the assessment, genetic manipulation and its possible clinical implications for the treatment of SCC. It is really our hope that the book can point to some new areas deserved for further investigation on SCC, and much progress in the

understanding and treatment of the disease be made in the near future.

To be frank, it is really such an extensive topic to discuss about SCC. Moreover, within a book containing limited chapters, we are definitely unable to cover nearly all related issues on SCC. Our intent in writing the book "Squamous Cell Carcinoma" is to provide the readers with not very comprehensive but exclusive presentations on some special issues in the recent advances in the study of SCC. Perhaps, many important parts concerning diagnosis and treatment of SCC have been missed, which seems to be

## Preface

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents a common malignancy of mankind. It originates in the squamous epithelia covering the external surface of the body or lining the inner surface of lumen of different body systems. Because of the diversity in the location of the primary tumors, patients may present with distinct clinicopathologic manifestations, making it necessary to manage them individually and multidisciplinarily. Even with marked advances in the understanding of the disease and treatment modalities, there are still many difficult problems to solve and unclear questions to address.

This book is unique in that it supplies an in-depth discussion of a series of interesting topics on SCC. Firstly, the features and management of some specific SCC is discussed to give the readers the general principles in dealing with these uncommon and sophisticated conditions. Some new concepts in adjuvant therapy including neoadjuvant therapy and gold nanoparticle-based photo dynamic therapy are introduced, the latter of which shows a great promise in the treatment of SCC. Secondly, a detailed discussion of molecular aspects of tumor invasion and progression in SCC is provided with the emphasis on the roles of some important factors. The role of tumor microenvironment in head and neck SCC is specifically discussed, which is comprised of cellular and non-cellular components. Thirdly, as a relatively new concept, the roles of cancer stem cells (CSC) in cancer therapy of SCC are described. Molecular mechanisms involving therapeutic resistance and new therapeutic strategies targeting CSC are discussed in detail. Finally, other aspects concerning SCC are also included, which involve the assessment, genetic manipulation and its possible clinical implications for the treatment of SCC. It is really our hope that the book can point to some new areas deserved for further investigation on SCC, and much progress in the understanding and treatment of the disease be made in the near future.

To be frank, it is really such an extensive topic to discuss about SCC. Moreover, within a book containing limited chapters, we are definitely unable to cover nearly all related issues on SCC. Our intent in writing the book "Squamous Cell Carcinoma" is to provide the readers with not very comprehensive but exclusive presentations on some special issues in the recent advances in the study of SCC. Perhaps, many important parts concerning diagnosis and treatment of SCC have been missed, which seems to be our regret for this book.

#### X Preface

I wish to give special thanks to all contributors of the book around the world. Without the great efforts and excellent work they made, the publication of the book would not have been realized. I finally express my love and thanks to my wife and other family members for their constant understanding, support, love and patience in helping such a project to a final success.

#### **Professor and Director Xiaoming Li**

Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital China

X Preface

a project to a final success.

I wish to give special thanks to all contributors of the book around the world. Without the great efforts and excellent work they made, the publication of the book would not have been realized. I finally express my love and thanks to my wife and other family members for their constant understanding, support, love and patience in helping such

**Professor and Director Xiaoming Li** 

Bethune International Peace Hospital

China

Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery,

**Part 1** 

**Features and Managment of Some** 

**Specific Squamous Cell Carcinomas** 
