**1. Introduction**

Colombia is a country located in South America within the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which is associated with east trade winds. And, in addition to its varied orography, it boasts a great diversity of climates and rainy and dry seasons, once or twice a year, depending on the area of interest [1]. The same happens to the influence of climate change in the country, that is, precipitation varies in different ways. Moreover, during Colombia's Third National Communication on Climate Change before the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) said that there would be a reduction in precipitation between 10 and 30% for 27% of the country, specifically in the northern and southern areas of the Colombian territory. Conversely, the same variable is expected to increase in 14% of the territory, in the central and western areas of the country [2].

However, IDEAM studies cover a very large region of the country, which makes them a poor reference for making local or scale decisions regarding the watershed. Therefore, different studies have been carried out on that scale for different regions of the country, with different climatic and geographical conditions, some of which will be detailed throughout this chapter.

**Models Scenarios Period Location Study**

*Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources, Indices, and Related Activities in Colombia*

and RCP 8.5

SRES A2 and B2

RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5

RCP 8.5

2050-2070 Uribia, La

2010-2100 Sinú-Caribe

2050-2070 Nilo,

2020-2050 Coello River

Guajira

Basin

Cundinamarca

Basin, Tolima

[6]

[7–10]

[11, 12]

[13]

HadGem2-ES, GDFL-CM3 RCP 4.5

IPSL-CM5A-LR, IPSL-CM5A-MR, MIROC 5 RCP 4.5 and

CCSRNIES-A21, CSIROMK2B-A21, CGCM2-A21, CGCM2-A22, CGCM2-A23, HadCM3-A21, HadCM3-A22, HadCM3-A23, HadCM3-A2-

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90652*

BCCCM1-1, CCSM4, GISS-E2-R, HadGEM2-AO, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, MIROC-ESM, MIROC5, MRI-CGCM3,

*Models and scenarios according to the reviewed study.*

SDSM.

**Table 2.**

**Figure 1.**

**75**

*Locations of the studies in the Colombian territory.*

NorESM1-M.
