**Author details**

*Resources of Water*

(**Figure 5**).

simulations (**Figure 4**).

**5. Revival of the vanishing art**

only be studied through physical modeling.

that can make precision model parts.

data for physical hydraulic models.

computer modeled [3].

modern field of science and technology.

**6. Recommendations and conclusion**

survey using AutoCAD. These files were used in HEC-RAS and BASEMENT for

required for flushing with an optimized discharge of about 250 m3

Delta profile and flushing were modeled by HEC-RAS 5.0. The simulation showed that the life of the un-sluiced Gulpur HPP is about 14–15 years and that of Rajdhani is about 35 years. To enhance the life of the project, annually 4–5 days are

fication was performed by calculating the bed topography and flushing efficiency. The results obtained through the model were consistent with bed changes, demonstrating its suitability for the regeneration of regression channels and lateral erosion

Other techniques in addition to physical hydraulic modeling available to a researcher are mathematical modeling, statistical modeling, and numerical modeling. With the advent of modern computers having speedy and fast processors, massive data storage, better data management software, and intelligent computational techniques the statistical modeling and numerical modeling have become the favorites of every researcher and engineer. The cutting edge graphics cards and attractive presentation techniques have also added to the magnetism of such indoor modeling. However, despite all this, the value and importance of physical hydraulic modeling cannot be overshadowed by these. The natural intricacies, physical behavior, the kinematics and dynamics of all fluids and especially large mass flows of water can

With the innovation of new materials of construction including the nanomaterials, the physical hydraulic modeling has been revived. Now very intricate designs can be created and manufactured using new and modern materials. The same is true for hybrid and very strong epoxies and sealing materials which now help in making watertight models. Fabrication of models and their miniature parts has also been revolutionized by laser cutting, computerized numerical machines

Revolution in measuring instruments for all hydraulic parameters has also provided a quantum jump to physical hydraulic modeling. Doppler velocimetry, very sensitive and accurate probes and pressure transducers, laser leveling gauges, and other such instrumentation can now be used to obtain and collect very sophisticated

The latest techniques in flow visualization have done wonders in fluid mechanics and hydraulic modeling. Modern electronics and advancement in graphics, optics, and sensors has revitalized the hydraulic modeling and made it an advanced and

On the other hand, the models based on process description also called deterministic models are rather complicated as compared to the stochastic hydrological models representing surface runoff, channel flow, subsurface flow, and evapotranspiration. Such models cannot by physically modeled, and therefore these have to be

The art, science, and technique of planning, construction, and operation of physical hydraulic modeling are losing the race against numerical and computer modeling. However, there is a dire need that due to its very special place in research

/s. Model veri-

**98**

Muhammad Salik Javaid1 \* and Muhammad Zeshan Khalil2


\*Address all correspondence to: msalikj@morgan.edu

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
