**3.2 Hydraulic Research Station (HRS)**

Hydraulic Research Station, located at Nandipur near Gujranwala, in Pakistan is one of the largest research laboratories in the world. This field research station was established in 1926 and is under the administrative control of the Irrigation Research Institute, Lahore being its field station. The Nandipur station has 40 hectares of land divided into 22 research bays commonly called as research trays. Through a small irrigation channel, the water availability of 15 cumecs and a gravity head of 4 meters is provided, however for higher heads pumping facility is also available. The Nandipur Hydraulic Research Station meets the requirement of the study of numerous problems that are related to planning, operation, and management of water resources. Physical models for almost all the major irrigation and hydraulic structures now present in the country have been run, tested, and optimized at this station.

Hydraulic Research Station at Nandipur has carried out model studies of almost all major hydraulic engineering projects undertaken in Pakistan and India in the pre-partition as well as the post-partition era. The major projects of Mangla Dam and Tarbela Dam which were constructed as part of the Indus Basin Treaty were also modeled in this facility. Many other barrages, weirs, link canals, and river training works have been modeled and approved prior to the finalization of their designs. A sample of the physical hydraulic modeling projects undertaken by the Hydraulic Research Station is displayed in **Figures 1** and **2**.

**Figure 1.** *Flow from Flip Bucket Energy Dissipater.*

**Figure 2.** *Model of a Typical Barrage.*

In the recent past, the rationality of the massive hydraulic structure of Jinnah Barrage [4, 5] was questioned as a model study indicated that at existing conditions of water levels the formed hydraulic jump was located on the glacis only up to a discharge of 400,000 cusecs. The hydraulic performance of the barrage, under-sluices, silt excluders, and also the subsidiary weir was yet not tested at higher discharges. Mahboob [6, 7] reviewed the design of Kalabagh Barrage and he found it acceptable only after the physical hydraulic model study because the hydraulic modeling study for energy dissipation under the conditions of existing water levels pointed out that hydraulic jump over the horizontal floor was repelled by the excessive lowering of the channel bed at the downstream (retrogression) (**Figure 3**).

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**Figure 5.**

**Figure 4.**

*Model Study of Poonch River Sedimentation Project.*

*Model Study of Poonch River Sedimentation Project.*

*The Art of Physical Hydraulic Modeling and Its Impact on the Water Resources of Pakistan*

The hydraulic modeling study cited here targets to examine sedimentation aspects of two cascade reservoirs on Poonch River; with the help of physical modeling and numerical simulation. A physical model of Poonch River was prepared at Nandipur Research Institute to study the sediment transport behavior [8]. After the base test, the model was used to get data for various scenarios of sediment flushing in the cascade reservoir system. The River geometry, riverbanks, hydraulic structures, crosssections, and other physical attributes of the river were prepared from a topographic

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94653*

**4. Physical modeling: a case study**

**Figure 3.** *Model Study of Taunsa Hydro Power Project.*

*The Art of Physical Hydraulic Modeling and Its Impact on the Water Resources of Pakistan DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94653*
