**5. Conclusions**

In the face of strong urban growth in Africa as a whole, people's water supply is often lagging behind. Many African cities find it difficult to provide adequate water services to the growing number of occupants. The demand for clean and adequate water is increasing due to population growth and the global obligation to achieve

*Resources of Water*

**plant**

**Water treatment** 

ALG2 (driving KMS)

600 discharge Thiaroye

700 output tanks

800 Mamelles repression

600 South Pout repression

Tanks of Madeleines high service

Tanks of Madeleines low service

**Table 1.**

PTY

**114**

100,000 m3

179,000 m3

tion (360,000 m3

of production and transfer capacities. Currently, nearly 1 million people in the capital suffer from intermittent service. The Dakar region, which comprises 25% of Senegal's population and concentrates 80% of the country's economic activities, has

the total production water supply [35]. In 1993, 80% of water consumption in the Dakar region consisted of groundwater, while the remaining 20% came from Lake Guiers. In 2013, this ratio was reversed due to over-exploitation of groundwater [36]. To ensure an optimal water supply for the city of Dakar and fight against water scarcity, the government has mobilized since 2014 an additional production of

seven others. This additional volume represents 26% of the average daily produc-

/day overall, or nearly 50% of the capital's peak needs.

commissioning of Bayakh's new drinking water production center in July 2018. This production is provided by the factories of Keur Momar Sarr and Ngnith installed on the site of Guiers Lake (40%) and boreholes of the North Coast, South Pout, Pout Kirène, Kelle-Kébémer and Dakar (60%). With the commissioning of the two Bayakh-Thieudème-Diender and Tassette phases, additional production will reach

). From 2014, a peak of 390,000 m3

/day through the realization of 60 boreholes and the rehabilitation of

**Year in service Extension Nominal** 

2004 DN 1200 PN 25

1951–1994 DN 600 cast

1951 DN 700

1993 —

— DN 600 PN 16

1966 1200 m3

1966 6000 m3

25 steel

cast iron

iron

iron

steel

ALG1 (Ngnith pipe) 1971 DN 1000 PN

800 Sebi 2008 DN 800 cast

Tanks Year Characteristics Tanks of Thies 1971 (R1, R2); 2005 (R3, R4) 25,000 m3 Tanks Y-point 1951 10,000 m3

Tanks of Mamelles 2003 35,000 m3 Tanks of G point 1966 5000 m

*Main lines of major structures in the water supply network for the Dakar region.*

**capacity (m3 /d)**

**Hourly volume (m3 /h)**

/d, which represents nearly 75% of

/day is reached with the

its water needs estimated at around 320,000 m3

*Source: JICA study mission based on information provided by SDE.*

the Sustainable Development Goals, including Goal 6: "Ensuring access for all to water and sanitation services managed sanitation" [37].

Senegal suffers from a chronic water crisis due to various causes including drought, landscape degradation, floods, contamination and unprecedented population growth. If solutions exist against mismanagement and water pollution, the main problem lies in the frequency and severity of extreme events such as droughts and floods due to ongoing climate change, phenomena that will likely be more unpredictable in the future. Adequate provision of drinking water to populations could also be strongly influenced by environmental pollution. Therefore, to preserve water security, it is necessary to focus on the protection of sources, the more judicious use of fertilizers and pesticides, the reduction of domestic and industrial pollution as fundamental elements of the complete water management strategy.

In order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6 in particular), new strategies for the sustainable management of water resources are needed. In fact, in urban areas that use large quantities of water (which also puts a lot of pressure on the country's resources), the modernization of water infrastructure is an important step to implement for the sustainable preservation of water. Pure water. These strategies must also take into account the improvement of access and access to drinking water, the fight against waste of the resource, the treatment and reuse of water used for agricultural purposes, the storage of water in period of rainfall abundance and its reuse in times of scarcity, preservation of aquatic ecosystems.

On the issue of the recurring water shortage in Dakar, it is recommended a device with the following objectives: to reinforce the hydraulic equipment; reduce the vulnerability of people and goods; appreciate, treat and reduce the risk of water scarcity; put in place the required prevention, response and recovery measures; maintain essential activities and services; identify external actors and integrate them into the planning process.
