**4. Conclusions**

It was concluded that the effects of climate change throughout the country are very varied in contrast to its current state. These changes are summarized in Appendix 1, where there is mostly a decrease in the amount of precipitation in the future under climate change scenarios, with the exception of the Coello River basin area where there is an increment. It should be noted that in the latter case this increase occurs at monthly resolution and that on a daily scale there is a decrease in this variable with possible concentrations on specific days. This suggests a possible increase in precipitation intensity and consequently a possible increase in extreme events.

In the case of temperature, all studies agree that there will be an increase from 0.5 °C in the period 2011–2040 to almost 4 °C in the period 2071–2100 in different scenarios and areas as detailed in Appendix 1. The foregoing has a direct implication in related activities as explained in this chapter. A possible decrease in hydroelectric generation is expected given both the increase in temperature and the variation in precipitation. In addition, in the case of agricultural activities, the increase in temperature has a direct effect on evapotranspiration and consequently on the irrigation requirements of the crop, which will also depend on changes in precipitation.

In turn, the change in the variables, added to other anthropic activities expressed in terms of water demand, can exert significant pressure on the water resource. This could represent an increase in the vulnerability to shortages and unsatisfied demands, generating a risk associated with food security and water use for the population in the country. This, in addition to the potential risks associated with the increase in extreme events, that is, floods or droughts, has a direct impact on the inhabitants and their economic activities.

The latter stresses the need to conduct studies with a finer resolution both geographically and temporally in order to determine the potential impacts of climate change more accurately, serving as a tool for decision-makers. Using these tools, it is possible to establish strategies for the proper management of water resources, management plans that take into account future scenarios, as well as the importance of water availability to avoid regional conflicts.

## **Appendix 1**

Changes in temperature and precipitation for the different studies in this chapter.

**Site**

**89**

*T* **°***C*ð Þ

Nilo

Uribia

Sinú

 28.2

2212

 27.3

 510.2

 26.5

1292

Arithmetic

Weighted average HadGem – RCP 4.5

GDFL–CM3

 - RCP 8.5

Had-CM3 - A2

Had-CM3- B2

CCSRNIES\_A21

CSIROMK2B\_A21

CGCM2\_A21 CGCM2\_A22 CGCM2\_A23 HadCM3\_A21 HadCM3\_A22 HadCM3\_A23 HadCM3\_A2\_SDSM

Coello

 18.8

 1520

IPSL-CM5A-LR – RCP 4.5

IPSL-CM5A-MR

MIROC 5 – RCP 4.5 IPSL-CM5A-LR – RCP 8.5

IPSL-CM5A-MR

MIROC 5 – RCP 8.5

 – RCP 8.5

 – RCP 4.5

0.5

�2.3

1.1

1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1

10.4

23.8

2.5

11.9

5.6

�4.3

[13]

0.7

0.7

0.9

0.8

1.9

1.6

1.4

�14.2

�23.8

�34.9

�11.3

�13.3

�11.8

*Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources, Indices, and Related Activities in Colombia*

�2.3

0.5

�5.9

1.3 0.9

10.9

1.3

17.4

1.7

25.9

7.5

2.0

19.7

2.5

30.4

 [7]

 average

**PCP***y* **mm** ð Þ

**Baseline**

**Scenarios**

**2011–2040**

*Δ*

*T* **°***C*ð Þ

*Δ***PCP***y* **%**ð Þ

*Δ*

*T* **°***C*ð Þ

1.8

1.7

�2.4 3.7

�11

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90652*

�16

2.3

2.7

�25.3

 [12] [6]

�14

 [11]

*Δ***PCP***y* **%**ð Þ

*Δ*

*T* **°***C*ð Þ

*Δ***PCP***y* **%**ð Þ

**2041–2070**

**2071–2100**


*Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources, Indices, and Related Activities in Colombia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90652*

It is worth noting that these indices were calculated with a spatial distribution defined by the microbasins of the hydrological model, for each month of the year, so the research includes maps of each index such as those illustrated in **Figure 8**. However, despite obtaining an optimistic future scenario unlike other regions

of the country, this should be used with caution given the uncertainty that it

precipitation but a decrease in the daily average, indicating an increase in the intensities concentrated on specific days. The foregoing has a direct influence on the water retention index, which may give an unsuccessful perspective on the

Finally, studies such as the one mentioned above may be of great interest to decision-makers, since they broaden their spectrum of possible future scenarios, in order to adopt measures that mitigate the possible impacts of climate change.

It was concluded that the effects of climate change throughout the country are

In the case of temperature, all studies agree that there will be an increase from

In turn, the change in the variables, added to other anthropic activities expressed in terms of water demand, can exert significant pressure on the water resource. This

could represent an increase in the vulnerability to shortages and unsatisfied demands, generating a risk associated with food security and water use for the population in the country. This, in addition to the potential risks associated with the increase in extreme events, that is, floods or droughts, has a direct impact on the

The latter stresses the need to conduct studies with a finer resolution both geographically and temporally in order to determine the potential impacts of climate change more accurately, serving as a tool for decision-makers. Using these tools, it is possible to establish strategies for the proper management of water resources, management plans that take into account future scenarios, as well as the

Changes in temperature and precipitation for the different studies in this chapter.

different scenarios and areas as detailed in Appendix 1. The foregoing has a direct implication in related activities as explained in this chapter. A possible decrease in hydroelectric generation is expected given both the increase in temperature and the variation in precipitation. In addition, in the case of agricultural activities, the increase in temperature has a direct effect on evapotranspiration and consequently on the irrigation requirements of the crop, which will also depend on changes in

0.5 °C in the period 2011–2040 to almost 4 °C in the period 2071–2100 in

very varied in contrast to its current state. These changes are summarized in Appendix 1, where there is mostly a decrease in the amount of precipitation in the future under climate change scenarios, with the exception of the Coello River basin area where there is an increment. It should be noted that in the latter case this increase occurs at monthly resolution and that on a daily scale there is a decrease in this variable with possible concentrations on specific days. This suggests a possible increase in precipitation intensity and consequently a possible increase in extreme

entails; for example, there was an increase in the amount of monthly

optimism of the scenario.

**4. Conclusions**

*Resources of Water*

events.

precipitation.

**Appendix 1**

**88**

inhabitants and their economic activities.

importance of water availability to avoid regional conflicts.

*Resources of Water*
