Aflatoxin B1 Detection

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detection of AFB1 in food.

**Chapter 5**

**Abstract**

Aflatoxin B1

evaluating the toxification of AFB1.

reduced graphene nanosheets

**1. Introduction**

*Xing-Zhi-Zi Wang*

A New Approach for Detection of

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is harmful to human health, mainly resulting from its toxic effects on the liver. AFB1 can lead to liver cell necrosis, hemorrhage, fibrosis, cirrhosis, etc. Acute AFB1 exposure at high levels can lead to hepatitis, whereas chronic exposure can result in liver cancer. In the past decades, a series of methods and techniques for detecting AFB1, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), have been developed. This study reviewed the detection methods of AFB1 and the corresponding utilization and summarizes all methods for

**Keywords:** aflatoxin B1, purification, detection, aptasensor, biosensor,

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is mainly a metabolite produced by *Aspergillus flavus*. AFB1 poses a threat to human health due to its three huge toxicities [1]. The toxic effects are as follows [2]. First, it is genetically toxic and can cause DNA damage. Second, aflatoxin shows strong hepatophilic properties when it enters the human body and can cause liver cell necrosis, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Finally, aflatoxin has high toxicity and strong carcinogenicity. The data show that its toxicity is 10 times that of potassium cyanide and 68 times that of arsenic. The carcinogenic force is 70 times that of the known carcinogen dimethyl nitrosamines and 900 times that of butter yellow (methyl azobenzene) [3]. The carcinogenic pathway is mainly activated by cytochrome p450 (CYP) monooxygenase system, and AFB1 is metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 to produce epoxy compounds, including active epoxy resins (aflatoxin-8,9-epoxy, AFBO), which generate mutagenic aflatoxin-n7-guanine adduct (AFB1-N7-gua) through interaction with DNA and cause DNA damage to varying degrees [4]. Since AFB1 is toxic to the human body, it is necessary to monitor the content of AFB1 in food. However, AFB1 pollution still exists in a small number of remote areas due to poor living standards and quality. Considering the feasibility and economic feasibility of AFB1 detection technology, the government needs to add feasible, fast, and accurate new technical schemes for supervision [5]. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the new progress in the

Detection of AFB1 is divided into two processes, including purification of AFB1 and quantitative analysis of AFB1. Purification methods of AFB1 mainly include liquid–liquid extraction, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, solid-phase

**Chapter 5**
