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## Meet the editor

Dr Shuji Miyagawa is a Visiting Professor at the International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, and a Visiting Scholar in the Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, and Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. After graduating at Hokkaido University Medical School, he finished clinical training in the 1st

Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School. He obtained his PhD in transplantation immunology from the same university in 1989. Dr Shuji Miyagawa worked at the University of Texas Medical School in Houston as a Research Associate from 1988 to 1990. He became an Assistant Professor in 1995, and an Associate Professor at Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine from 1998 to 2019. His works have been presented in numerous international meetings, especially in the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA), and he is now a councilor of IXA and the president of the Japanese Xenotransplantation Association (JXA).

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

of Tissue Constructs

Transplantable Bioengineered Liver

*and Falguni Pati*

*and Lianhua Bai*

Pig Islet Transplant *by Masayuki Shimoda*

Biosafety Barrier to Xenotransplantation

Porcine Islet Cell Xenotransplantation

*Sandra Nehlsen-Cannarella and Leonard L. Bailey*

*by Wei Wang, Qi Liang, Wei Nie, Juan Zhang and Cheng Chen*

**Preface III**

Clinic and Pre-Clinic **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 25**

**Chapter 4 49**

3D-Bioprinting and Decellularization **67**

**Chapter 5 69**

**Chapter 6 95**

*by Rajeswar Chinnuswami, Abid Hussain, Gopalakrishnan Loganathan, Siddharth Narayanan, Gene D. Porter and Appakalai N. Balamurugan*

Challenge of Xenotransplantation in Pediatric Heart Transplantation *by Norihide Fukushima, Motohiro Kawauchi, Francois Bouchart,* 

Tissue-Specific Bioink from Xenogeneic Sources for 3D Bioprinting

Optimization of a Decellularization/Recellularization Strategy for

*by Quanyu Chen, Xiaolin You, Jiejuan Lai, Shifang Jiang, Hongyu Zhang* 

*by Sriya Yeleswarapu, Shibu Chameettachal, Ashis Kumar Bera* 

### Contents



Preface

It is a great honor for me to edit the third version of *Xenotransplantation* in IntechOpen's Xenotransplantation – Comprehensive study. Since the second version, almost two years have passed. During this period, the 3rd WHO Global Consultation on Regulatory Requirements for Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials in Changsha-2018, the 14th IXA-2017 in Baltimore, and the 15th IXA-2019 in Munich were held. This field seems to be progressing quickly. Now, in a sense, we are stand-

As the most imminent issue for clinical xenotransplantation, this version first focused on pig islets transplantation. Several authors wrote about it from their own

In addition, a past clinical case including the review of heart xenotransplantation is

Concerning the progress of preclinical xenotransplantation studies during these years, the reported maximum survival days were more prolonged in several organs,

On the other hand, as the technology progresses, especially the CRISPR/Cas9 system, many new genetic engineered (GE) pigs are produced all over the world, such as the quadripartite knockout (KO) pigs [αGal/CMAH/β4GalNT2/SLAclassI-KO], the tripartite KO plus six genes transgenic (TG) pigs [αGal/CMAH/β4GalNT2-KO + CD46/CD55/CD47/TBM/EPCR/HO1-TG], and [αGal/CMAH/β4GalNT2-KO + CD46/CD55/CD47/TBM/EPCR/Lea29Y-TG]. These pigs were also introduced in the last IXA-2019 in Munich. The data of the preclinical studies using these new GE pigs will be reported in the next meeting and they must process the data indicated above.

In addition, chapters for bio-engineering focus on two reviews related to 3D bio-

Finally, this version contains several chapters related to regeneration studies, such as "Blastocyst complementation" and "Organogenic niche method" that present the research to use pigs as a scaffold for foster human Embryonic stem (ES) cells and

printing and decellularization. These field have also seen much progress.

point of view. The new Regulation by WHO in Changsha is discussed.

ing at the dawn of the age for xenotransplantation.

\*Heart~heterotopic/Orthotropic: 945 days/195 days

\*Kidney: 499 days, \*Liver: 25 days, \*Lung: 31 days

(\*\*: reported in the past, using wild-type pigs)

\*\*Islets: 603 days, \*Cornea: 903 days

introduced.

as indicated below.
