**Chapter 16 319**

Neuroprotection: The Way of Anti-Inflammatory Agents *by Patrice Mendel Nzogang and Martial Boris Donkeng*

**II**

**Section 2**

Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia and Other Neurological Diseases **125**

**Chapter 7 127**

**Chapter 8 143**

**Chapter 9 159**

**Chapter 10 185**

**Chapter 11 209**

Mechanisms of Action of Other Potential Neuroprotective Treatments **251**

**Chapter 12 253**

**Chapter 13 273**

**Chapter 14 285**

*In Vivo* Studies of Protein Misfolding and Neurodegeneration Induced by Metabolic Syndrome Relative to Chronic Cerebral

*Nicolás Toro-Urrego, Matilde Otero-Losada and Francisco Capani*

Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Properties of Copolymer-1:

*by María Yolanda Cruz Martínez, Melanie Tessa Saavedra Navarrete* 

Trends in Neuroprotective Strategies after Spinal Cord Injury:

Neuroprotective Potentials of Natural Vitamin E for Cerebral

*by Muzaimi Mustapha, Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir, Yuen Kah Hay, Fung Wai Yee and Hafizah Abdul Hamid*

Neuroactive Steroids in Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury:

Glyproline Pro-Ampakine with Neuroprotective Activity

*Yulia N. Firsova, Sergei V. Nikolaev, Tatiana A. Antipova, Anna V. Nadorova, Larisa G. Kolik, Tatiana A. Gudasheva* 

Aptamers and Possible Effects on Neurodegeneration *by Fatma Söylemez and Çağatay Han Türkseven*

*Andrea Aguilar, Lucas Udovin and Juan P. Luaces*

*by Nicolas Toro-Urrego, Marco Avila-Rodriguez, María Inés Herrera,* 

*by Ksenia N. Koliasnikova, Polina Yu. Povarnina, Anna V. Tallerova,* 

Lifestyle Factors, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Neuroprotection *by Katheryn Broman, Abigail U. Davis, Jordan May and Han-A Park*

*by Roxana Rodríguez-Barrera, Marcela Garibay-López* 

*by María I. Herrera, Juan P. Luaces, Lucas D. Udovin,* 

Its Immunomodulating Effects on Ischemic Stroke

Hypoperfusion: A Critical Review

*and José Juan Antonio Ibarra Arias*

Overview and Future Directions

State of the Art

*and Antonio Ibarra*

Small Vessel Disease

**Section 3**

*and Sergei B. Seredenin*

Preface

Over the past several years, a substantial amount of information supporting new therapeutic approaches for neuroprotection has been generated. Neuroprotective strategies are developed to slow down or conceivably stop neurological disease progression and prevent the development of upsetting or painful disability. The development of new approaches and improvement of current ones are the major unmet medical needs in the treatment of neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia, traumatic brain injury, chronic cerebral hypoxia in metabolic

Nearly 25%–30% of the world population is affected by neurological diseases, exerting great financial strain on the healthcare system. The costs are estimated at around \$800 billion annually, which is expected to exponentially increase as the population ages and more people become at high risk of debilitating neurological

The book was conceived and developed to revisit, discuss, and compile some promising current approaches in neuroprotection, as well as to consider current

A varied spectrum of neuroprotective strategies has been suggested including combined antioxidative–anti-inflammatory treatments, ozone autohemotherapy, hypothermia, cell therapy, the administration of neurotrophic factors, hemofiltration, and others. Distressingly, none of the currently available neuroprotective approaches has so far proven to prolong either life span or the cardinal symptoms of patients suffering from brain injury. Moreover, translational studies are still lacking.

The book is organized into three sections. Section I "Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases" discusses the neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids, peptides, polyphenols, medicinal plants' extracts and essential oils, and others. Section II "Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia and Other Neurological Diseases" deals with topics like protein misfolding as a novel neuroprotective target, the neuroprotective potential of vitamin E, neuroactive steroids, and so on. Section III "Mechanisms of Action of Other Potential Neuroprotective Treatments" approaches subjects like the neuroprotective potential of glyproline proampakine, aptamers, lifestyle factors, and mitochondrial dynamics, hydrogen sulfide, and

> **Matilde Otero-Losada** Biomedical Research Center,

> > Buenos Aires, Argentina

Interamerican Open University (CAECIHS-UAI),

National Research Council (CONICET),

syndrome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and so.

diseases.

goals and prospects.

anti-inflammatory agents.
