**5. Conclusion**

Neuroprotection is both a topical problem and a realistic dream for the researchers and clinicians. By this analysis, the immune system no more seems to only be a tool useful in the protection against endogenous and exogenous offenders. As a matter of fact, its role could be understood as defense against all sorts of disorders, including infectious, metabolic, degenerative, etc. and even aging. Indeed, the role of the immune system and inflammation in disease-associated neurotoxicity is more and more highlighted in present literature. This evidence justifies the outbreak of an inflammatory approach to develop a neuroprotection strategy in the fight against neurotoxicity. All this evidence does not only provide hope for the future development of neuroprotective strategies, but also invite us to reflect on the possibility that failure of the immune system may be implicated as primary cause of any human pathology. In experimental research, this is in the process of being demonstrated for neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Even though clinically the results of the researches are not yet irrevocable, the inflammatory pathway in neuroprotection remains a good approach in the fight against these main neurological ailments.
