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**143**

**Chapter 8**

**Abstract**

Neuroprotective and

of Copolymer-1: Its

Ischemic Stroke

*María Yolanda Cruz Martínez,* 

*José Juan Antonio Ibarra Arias*

*Melanie Tessa Saavedra Navarrete and* 

compound has shown in models of cerebral ischemia.

neuroregeneration, neuroprotection

low and middle-revenue countries [2].

**1. Introduction**

Neurorestorative Properties

Immunomodulating Effects on

Stroke is a pathology of great relevance worldwide as it currently occupies the second motif of death and the third reason of disability. Although exits some therapies that are used successfully in the clinic, a very high percentage of patients do not have the opportunity to benefit from them; therefore, it is imperative to propose other alternatives that may favor more patients. In this chapter, we briefly review the inflammatory response induced by stroke and also its deleterious and protective effects. We will describe the characteristics of copolymer-1 and the effects that this

**Keywords:** cerebral ischemia, copaxone, neurogenesis, protective autoimmunity,

Cerebral ischemia is the main disorder of cerebrovascular diseases; currently, according to data from the World Health Organization, it is the second main cause of death worldwide [1] and the third principal cause of disability. In the last 40 years alone, the incidence of this condition has more than doubled in people from

The increment in the incidence of this condition is due to increased risk factors as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and increased longevity of the population [3]. These factors allow the development of atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of ischemia [4]; thereby, it is considered that for the coming years this scenario will be maintained while strategies to reduce these factors are progressing. Stroke is distinguished by the brusque reduction of blood flow; therefore, the levels of oxygen and glucose are also reduced significantly, to the point of altering the metabolic activities of the neural tissue [5]. As a consequence of the latter, the low production of ATP and the acidification of the environment induce the
