**7. Conclusion**

PEA is involved in several processes: lipidic metabolism, proinflammatory cytokine genes transcription, signaling cascade, and proliferation. PEA is expressed in brain, skin, liver, intestine, heart, muscle, kidney, and adipose tissue.

It plays a protective role in several neurological disorders and ischemic brain injury. In vivo assays with PEA treatment showed an improve of the neuroinflammation, reduce astrogliosis, and preserve cognitive functions by PPAR-α activation. In vitro assays, pretreatment with PEA and a flavonoid prevent the degranulation of mast cells and reduce the neurotoxic potential of MC/9 cells in OGD model.

PEA treatment could be a potential alternative therapy than hypothermia. This is because the hypothermia is an unspecific treatment and PEA acts under specific mechanism. However, this sort of therapy is still incipient, to say the least, and further investigations should pursue on focusing in the main downstream effectors involved in HI.

#### **Author details**

Lucas D. Udovin1 \*, Andrea Aguilar1 , Tamara Kobiec2 , María I. Herrera<sup>2</sup> , Santiago Perez Lloret1 , Nicolás Toro Urrego1 and Rodolfo A. Kölliker Frers1,3

1 Institute of Cardiological Research, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

2 Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina

3 Hospital Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina

\*Address all correspondence to: lucas2304@hotmail.com

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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