2.**Environmental monitoring**

Simple computations and to send/receive data performance done by the sensor nodes. These nodes are small in size and are embedded into devices. Data collection is the typical usage where data collected from the surrounding environment via sensors. Environment monitoring has become an important field of control and protection, providing real-time systems and control communication with the physical world. During data collection sensor nodes


Characteristics of an environmental monitoring system


• Robustness. The network must account for a lot of problems such as poor radio connectivity (e.g., in case of snow fall) or hardware failures.

**13. Conclusion**

optimal.

**21**

the name "low power".

• The major applications of WSNs

this data to digital data.

*Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97079*

node is equally important

• Each such sensor network node typically has many parts: a radio transceiver

microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting.

• A sensor node might vary in size and size can be a size of a grain of dust.

• When a large number of sensor nodes are deployed in a large area to

the sensor nodes transmit data to corresponding cluster heads.

network consists of many different components.

environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network.

go in the standby mode from time to time.

• Sensor collects the analog data from the physical world and an ADC converts

cooperatively monitor a physical environment, the networking of these sensor

• In flat architecture, the base station sends commands to all the sensor nodes.

• In hierarchical architecture, a group of sensor nodes are formed as a cluster and

• Wireless sensor network mainly consists of sensor nodes. A wireless sensor

• The static parts would be connected to the constant power supply, so that wireless parts can use low power to communicate to them and also nodes can

• A dynamic maintenance approach works as an 'on-the-fly'-based triggering technique that creates a new topology when the current one is no longer

• MANET stands for Mobile ad-hoc Network also called as wireless ad hoc network or ad hoc wireless network that usually has a routable networking

• The key to achieving a longer lifetime for WSN is to design wireless sensor networks that minimize power consumption of wireless sensor devices, hence

• Challenges in wireless sensor node in various ways for an application.

• Their typical usage is to gather information about their environment via sensors, to potentially pre-process these data, and to finally transmit them.

• The goods are loaded from a warehouse to a freight vehicle.

• Characteristics of an environmental monitoring system

with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a

• Flexibility. One must be able to quickly add, move, or remove stations at any time depending on the needs of the applications.
