**Notes/thanks/other declarations**

The authors would like to thank the Faculty of Medicine of Chiang Mai University (Grant No. 096/2560), The Excellent Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, the Agricultural Research Development Agency (ARDA; Public Organization), and the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) for their research funding for rice researches in our laboratory. Our research works that have been contributed in this chapter would not have been completed without their financial support. The authors are also grateful for the English proof editing from Mr. Russel Kirk Hollis of the English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University.
