**Abstract**

Carnauba wax, the most important vegetable wax under the economic and extracted from the leaves of the carnauba (*Copernicia prunifera* (Miller) H. E. Moore), is extensively applied in food due to its physiochemical characteristics with a majority of esters. *p*-Methoxycinnamic acid diesters obtained from the ceriferous powder of carnauba wax (PCO-C) have been associated with biological actions. However, being a versatile product, many types of research have been carried out seeking to expand the possibilities of applications of this raw material. Furthermore, different experimental studies on the pharmacological activities have also been undertaken in recent years and have tested various biological activities, such as hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effects in mice. Therefore, in this book chapter, it is reviewing the development of a process of extraction of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid diesters of carnauba wax powder and investigates their biological actions and physical and chemical characteristics.

**Keywords:** Caatinga, *Copernicia prunifera*, *p-*methoxycinnamic acid, phytochemistry, biotechnological uses
