3.3 Discriminant validity

A discriminant validity test (Table 3) was performed after those for convergent validity. It is to identify the validity of instrument items in a model [27]. The discriminant construct validity test will meet the criteria of the discriminant validity if the square roots of AVE are higher than the variable correlation score. KLM (X1) has a square root of AVE 0.793 is more than its correlation 0.669, 0.281, 0.669. ISN (X2) is 0.938, its correlation scores are 0.669, 0.299, and 0.681. MDS (X3) is 0.755, and its correlation scores are 0.281, 0.299, and 0.304. PAR (Z1) is 0.892, and its correlation scores are 0.669, 0.681, and 0.304. The criteria of discriminant validity are therefore met [23, 25]
