**Author details**

*Neurostimulation and Neuromodulation in Contemporary Therapeutic Practice*

interventional outcomes [74–76].

technologies [74, 77, 78].

**10. Conclusion**

These days, personalized medicine has become the most commonly mentioned subject in the modern medicine. All the medicine-related fields are trying to find ways that help with individualized treatment of the diseases, thus treating patients instead of diseases [72]. So, psychiatrists are following this trend and modern neuroimaging techniques may help them with finding proper treatment for each patient [73]. So far, neuroimaging was used only for checking the proper placement of electrodes and retrograde evaluation of interventional mechanisms; however, these modalities will be used for planning new treatment methods and targets for DBS in near future. Neuroimaging can provide lots of valuable data about connectivity and regional volume in each patient. Thus, it not only helps with choosing the most appropriate approach in psychiatric neurosurgery but also simplifies prediction of

Looking at the recent published studies around neuroimaging, we found out that developing neuroimaging techniques is leading to the age of "precision surgery." In this period of time, neuroimaging will change the face and approach to electrode implantation and patient selection as well as selection of surgical targets throughout individualized neuroanatomy extracted from modern neuroimaging modalities and

As the researches are getting more informative, more patients are going under DBS intervention especially for treating Parkinson's disease. In addition, as the modern technologies are developed, more new applications and targets are getting introduced for DBS. So, neuroimaging has a notable role in preoperative and postoperative sections as well as during DBS intervention. Further researches are required to discover more efficient imaging modalities that will lead to discovery of

new targets and indications for DBS and functional neurosurgery.

**22**

Mohammad Hossein Khosravi1 \*, Meysam Hoseinyazdi<sup>2</sup> , Reza Jahankhah2 and Sara Haseli3

1 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

3 Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

\*Address all correspondence to: dr.mhkhosravi@gmail.com

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
