Meet the editors

Dr. Denis Larrivee is a visiting scholar at the Mind and Brain Institute, University of Navarra Medical School and Loyola University, Chicago. He has held professorships at the Weill Cornell University Medical College, NYC, and Purdue University, Indiana. A former fellow at Yale University's Medical School, Dr. Larrivee received the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology's first place award for studies on photoreceptor

degenerative and developmental mechanisms. He is the editor of *Brain Computer Interfacing* and an editorial board member of the *Annals of Neurology and Neurological Sciences* (USA) and *EC Neurology* (UK). He is also the author of more than eight-five papers and book chapters in such varied journals/venues as *Neurology and Neurological Sciences*, *Journal of Neuroscience*, *Journal of Religion and Mental Health*, and *IEEE Xplore*. In 2018, he was a finalist for the international Joseph Ratzinger Expanded Reason award sponsored by the Francis Vittorio University of Madrid.

Professor S. Mansoor Rayegani is an academic physiatrist who completed his residency training in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R) at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 1992. In 1994, he began his academic career as Assistant Professor of PM&R at Shohada Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, just after passing the Iranian Board of PM&R in which he gained first rank. He is one of the

founding members of a PM&R residency program in Tehran. Professor Rayegani's fields of interest include electrodiagnostic medicine, pain, spinal cord injury, neurorehabilitation, and medical education. He supervises and coordinates a neurorehabilitation and hypertonicity clinic. He has supervised more than forty postgraduate residency theses and published about 130 indexed medical articles. He is also an editorial board member for the *Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine* (JISPRM) and a member of the journal's education and publication committee. Professor Rayegani is currently president of the Iranian society of PM&R, editor in chief of *Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Electrodiagnosis* (PMRE), director of the Iranian Board of PM&R, and chief of the PM&R Research Center at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Denis Larrivee*

Technologies

**Section 2**

*and Denis V. Kovlen*

*and Seyed Ahmad Raeissadat*

Spasticity and Dystonia: A Brief Review

**Preface XI**

Neurostimulation in Theory and Practice **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 17**

**Chapter 3 31**

Neurostimulation in the Medical Management of Spasticity **47**

**Chapter 4 49**

**Chapter 5 87**

**Chapter 6 113**

Introductory Chapter: Neurostimulation and the

Neuromodulation in the Age of Modern Neuroimaging

*by Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Meysam Hoseinyazdi,* 

Deep Brain Stimulation Approach in Neurological Diseases

*by Alexander Kovalenko, Viktor Misikov, Konstantin Sinelnikov, Valeriy Shamigulov, Dmitrii Iskra, Svetlana E. Khatkova* 

*by Vincenzo Cimino, Clara Grazia Chisari and Francesco Patti*

Rehabilitation Medicine Management of Spasticity *by Seyed Mansoor Rayegani, Marzieh Babaee* 

Structural Basis of Brain Activity

*Reza Jahankhah and Sara Haseli*

*by Dev Priya and Pathak Abhishek*

Spasticity: Diagnosis and Treatment
