[37] Brenes-Chaves L.,

Berrocal A., Meneses A., Sánchez C., Vásquez C. Study on the etiology of fibropapillomatosis of olive ridley sea turtles (*Lepidochelys olivacea*) nesting in the National Wildlife Refuge at Ostional, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras. 2013;5. 119. 10.15359/revmar.5.8.

[38] Anderson ET., Minter LJ., Clarke EO 3rd., Mroch RM 3rd., Beasley JF., Harms CA. The Effects of Feeding on Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Profiles in Green (Chelonia mydas) and Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) Sea Turtles. Vet Med Int. 2011;2011:890829. DOI: 10.4061/2011/890829.

[39] Snoddy, JE., Landon M., Blanvillain G., Southwood A. Blood biochemistry of sea turtles captured in gillnets in the Lower Cape Fear River, North Carolina, USA. Journal of Wildlife Management. 2009;73 (8): 1394-1401.

[40] Cortes-Gomez AA., Romero D., Santos J., Rivera-Hernandez JR., Girondot M. Inorganic elements in live vs dead nesting olive ridley marine turtles in the Mexican Pacific: Introducing a new statistical methodology in ecotoxicology. Sci Total Environ, 2020;143249. DOI: 10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.143249

[41] Aguirre AA., Gardner SC., Marsh JC., Delgado SG., Colin JL., Wallace JN. Hazards Associated with the Consumption of Sea Turtle Meat and Eggs: A Review for Health Care Workers and the General Public. EcoHealth, 2006;3, 141-153. DOI: 10.1007/ s10393-006-0032-x

[42] Caron A. G. M., Thomas C. R., Berry K. L. E., Motti C. A., Ariel E., Brodie, J. E. Ingestion of microplastic debris by green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Great Barrier Reef: Validation of a sequential extraction protocol. Mar Pollut Bull, 2018;127, 743-751. DOI:10.1016/j. marpolbul.2017.12.062

[43] Rai P. K., Lee S. S., Zhang M., Tsang Y. F., Kim K. H. Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management. Environ Int, 2019;125, 365-385. DOI:10.1016/j. envint.2019.01.067

[44] Mühlenbruch M, Grossart HP, Eigemann F, Voss M. Mini-review: Phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides in the marine environment and their interactions with heterotrophic bacteria. Environ Microbiol. 2018;20(8):2671- 2685. DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14302.

[45] Perrault J. R., Stacy N. I., Lehner A. F., Mott, C. R. Hirsch S., Gorham J. C., . . . Walsh, C. J. Potential effects of brevetoxins and toxic elements on various health variables in Kemp's ridley (*Lepidochelys kempii*) and green (*Chelonia mydas*) sea turtles after a red tide bloom event. Sci Total Environ, 2017;605-606, 967-979. DOI:10.1016/j. scitotenv.2017.06.149

[46] Orvik, LM. Trace metal concentration in blood of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (*Lepidochelys kempii*). Master's thesis, Texas A&M University. 1997. Available electronically from http://hdl.handle .net/1969.1/ ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-O78.

[47] Wang, HC. Trace metal uptake and accumulation pathways in Kemp's ridley sea turtles (*Lepidochelys kempii*). Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University. Texas A&M University. 2006. Available electronically from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2413.

[48] Naro-Maciel E., Reid, B., Alter S., Amato G., Bjorndal K., Bolten A. . . Pineda-Catalan O. From refugia to rookeries: Phylogeography of Atlantic green turtles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2014. 306- 316. 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.08.020.

[49] Duchene S, Frey A, Alfaro-Núñez A, Dutton PH, Thomas P Gilbert M, Morin PA. Marine turtle mitogenome phylogenetics and evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2012;65(1):241-250. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.010.

[50] Al-Samarai F., Al-Kazaz, A. Molecular Markers: an Introduction and Applications. European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology. 2015;9. 10.13187/ejmb.2015.9.118CrossRef

[51] Naro-Maciel E, Le M, FitzSimmons NN, Amato G. Evolutionary relationships of marine turtles: A molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2008 Nov;49(2):659- 662. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.004.

[52] Lasala JA, Hughes CR, Wyneken J. Breeding sex ratio and population size of loggerhead turtles from Southwestern Florida. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0191615. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191615.

[53] Hebert PD, Cywinska A, Ball SL, deWaard JR. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc Biol Sci. 2003;270(1512):313-321. DOI: 10.1098/ rspb.2002.2218.

[54] Hebert PD, Hollingsworth PM, Hajibabaei M. From writing to reading the encyclopedia of life. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.

**137**

*Rediscovering Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (*Lepidochelys kempii*): Molecular Analysis and Threats*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96655*

2016;371(1702):20150321. DOI: 10.1098/

[55] Hebert PDN, Braukmann TWA, Prosser SWJ, Ratnasingham S, deWaard JR, Ivanova NV,

Janzen DH, Hallwachs W, Naik S, Sones JE, Zakharov EV. A Sequel to Sanger: amplicon sequencing that scales. BMC Genomics. 2018;19(1):219. DOI:

10.1186/s12864-018-4611-3.

[56] Naro-Maciel E, Reid B,

Fitzsimmons NN, LE M, Desalle R, Amato G. DNA barcodes for globally threatened marine turtles: a registry approach to documenting biodiversity. Mol Ecol Resour. 2010;10(2):252-263. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02747.x. Epub 2009 Aug 20. PMID: 21565020.

[57] Lahanas PN, Miyamoto MM, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB. Molecular evolution and population genetics of Greater Caribbean green turtles (Chelonia mydas) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Genetica. 1994;94(1):57- 66. DOI: 10.1007/BF01429220. PMID:

7729697.

rstb.2015.0321.

*Rediscovering Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (*Lepidochelys kempii*): Molecular Analysis and Threats DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96655*

2016;371(1702):20150321. DOI: 10.1098/ rstb.2015.0321.

*Natural History and Ecology of Mexico and Central America*

[47] Wang, HC. Trace metal uptake and accumulation pathways in Kemp's ridley sea turtles (*Lepidochelys kempii*). Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University. Texas A&M University. 2006. Available electronically from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2413.

[48] Naro-Maciel E., Reid, B., Alter S., Amato G., Bjorndal K., Bolten A. . . Pineda-Catalan O. From refugia to rookeries: Phylogeography of Atlantic green turtles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2014. 306- 316. 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.08.020.

[49] Duchene S, Frey A, Alfaro-Núñez A,

Dutton PH, Thomas P Gilbert M, Morin PA. Marine turtle mitogenome phylogenetics and evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2012;65(1):241-250. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.010.

[50] Al-Samarai F., Al-Kazaz, A. Molecular Markers: an Introduction and Applications. European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology. 2015;9. 10.13187/ejmb.2015.9.118CrossRef

[51] Naro-Maciel E, Le M, FitzSimmons NN, Amato G.

Evolutionary relationships of marine turtles: A molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2008 Nov;49(2):659- 662. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.004.

[52] Lasala JA, Hughes CR, Wyneken J. Breeding sex ratio and population size of loggerhead turtles from Southwestern Florida. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0191615. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191615.

[53] Hebert PD, Cywinska A, Ball SL, deWaard JR. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc Biol Sci. 2003;270(1512):313-321. DOI: 10.1098/

[54] Hebert PD, Hollingsworth PM, Hajibabaei M. From writing to reading the encyclopedia of life. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.

rspb.2002.2218.

[41] Aguirre AA., Gardner SC., Marsh JC., Delgado SG., Colin JL., Wallace JN. Hazards Associated with the Consumption of Sea Turtle Meat and Eggs: A Review for Health Care Workers and the General Public. EcoHealth, 2006;3, 141-153. DOI: 10.1007/

[42] Caron A. G. M., Thomas C. R., Berry K. L. E., Motti C. A., Ariel E., Brodie, J. E. Ingestion of microplastic debris by green sea turtles (Chelonia

[43] Rai P. K., Lee S. S., Zhang M., Tsang Y. F., Kim K. H. Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate,

[44] Mühlenbruch M, Grossart HP, Eigemann F, Voss M. Mini-review: Phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides in the marine environment and their interactions with heterotrophic bacteria. Environ Microbiol. 2018;20(8):2671- 2685. DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14302.

[45] Perrault J. R., Stacy N. I., Lehner A. F., Mott, C. R. Hirsch S., Gorham J. C., . . . Walsh, C. J. Potential effects of brevetoxins and toxic elements on various health variables in Kemp's ridley (*Lepidochelys kempii*) and green (*Chelonia mydas*) sea turtles after a red tide bloom event. Sci Total Environ, 2017;605-606, 967-979. DOI:10.1016/j.

mechanisms, and management. Environ Int, 2019;125, 365-385. DOI:10.1016/j.

mydas) in the Great Barrier Reef: Validation of a sequential extraction protocol. Mar Pollut Bull, 2018;127, 743-751. DOI:10.1016/j.

marpolbul.2017.12.062

envint.2019.01.067

scitotenv.2017.06.149

[46] Orvik, LM. Trace metal

concentration in blood of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (*Lepidochelys kempii*). Master's thesis, Texas A&M University. 1997. Available electronically from http://hdl.handle .net/1969.1/ ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-O78.

s10393-006-0032-x

**136**

[55] Hebert PDN, Braukmann TWA, Prosser SWJ, Ratnasingham S, deWaard JR, Ivanova NV, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W, Naik S, Sones JE, Zakharov EV. A Sequel to Sanger: amplicon sequencing that scales. BMC Genomics. 2018;19(1):219. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4611-3.

[56] Naro-Maciel E, Reid B, Fitzsimmons NN, LE M, Desalle R, Amato G. DNA barcodes for globally threatened marine turtles: a registry approach to documenting biodiversity. Mol Ecol Resour. 2010;10(2):252-263. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02747.x. Epub 2009 Aug 20. PMID: 21565020.

[57] Lahanas PN, Miyamoto MM, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB. Molecular evolution and population genetics of Greater Caribbean green turtles (Chelonia mydas) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Genetica. 1994;94(1):57- 66. DOI: 10.1007/BF01429220. PMID: 7729697.

**139**

Section 2

Applied and Human

Ecology
