**4.1 Karstic areas and their aquatic diversity**

a. Chiapas Mountains (**Figure 2**)

The Chiapas Karstic area involve the Mountain Chain from Tehuantepec Isthmus to Guatemala border, in there these mountains have a karstic soil and the dissolution of limestone produce several caves. The altitude range is from 1700 to 100 meters above sea level (masl) and in these regions there are almost 150 caves reported. The drainage from aquifer that flow to Gulf of Mexico produce one connection with surface and many cave crustaceans had their origins from epigeal populations. The main fishes in this region are from *Rhamdia* genus with or without adaptation to cave life. In the crustaceans decapods species there are freshwater prawns *Macrobrachium sbordonii*, *Macrobrachium acherontium*, *Cryphiops sbordonii* and *Cryphiops luscus*; crayfishes *Procambarus mirandai*, *Procambarus* sp. (From La Lucha system)

#### **Figure 2.**

*Caves location from isthmus and Chiapas region. The red points represent each entrance to subterranean systems.*

*Tropical Subterranean Ecosystems in Mexico, Guatemala and Belize: A Review of Aquatic… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97694*

crabs *Rodriguezia adani*, *Avotrichodactylus bidens*, and *Rodriguezia* spp. (From the Ocosingo Area) (**Table 1**). In this region only the freshwater crabs was recorder from literature the remain was confirmed with our fieldtrip work.


#### **Table 1.**

S2 <sup>¼</sup> Sobs <sup>þ</sup> ð Þ L 2n ð Þ � <sup>3</sup> *<sup>=</sup>*<sup>n</sup> – M nð Þ � <sup>2</sup> <sup>2</sup>

variance is available".

**4.1 Karstic areas and their aquatic diversity**

*Natural History and Ecology of Mexico and Central America*

a. Chiapas Mountains (**Figure 2**)

**4. Results**

**Figure 2.**

*systems.*

**44**

h i � �

where n is the number of samples. No direct formula for the calculation of the

The Chiapas Karstic area involve the Mountain Chain from Tehuantepec Isthmus to Guatemala border, in there these mountains have a karstic soil and the dissolution of limestone produce several caves. The altitude range is from 1700 to 100 meters above sea level (masl) and in these regions there are almost 150 caves reported. The drainage from aquifer that flow to Gulf of Mexico produce one connection with surface and many cave crustaceans had their origins from epigeal populations. The main fishes in this region are from *Rhamdia* genus with or without adaptation to cave life. In the crustaceans decapods species there are freshwater prawns *Macrobrachium sbordonii*, *Macrobrachium acherontium*, *Cryphiops sbordonii* and *Cryphiops luscus*; crayfishes *Procambarus mirandai*, *Procambarus* sp. (From La Lucha system)

*Caves location from isthmus and Chiapas region. The red points represent each entrance to subterranean*

*=*n nð Þ � 1

(2)

*Checklist of subterranean fauna taxa of the Tehuantepec isthmus and Chiapas region all from freshwater semi-dry caves.*
