**1. Introduction**

Microsatellite (SSR) markers were widely used in the last decade for the identification of parents of a given grapevine variety or for pedigree reconstruction as well. By now the pedigree of the majority of the most important varieties is established. For example, large-scale parentage analyses were carried out by Lacombe et al. [1]. At the same time, knowing both of the parents gives information about which one was the mother plant and which one was the pollinator only in special cases, for example, if one of the parents is female flowered. Based on only SSR analyses, no information is available about the time, when the given variety was born.

Analyses of archaeological grapevine seeds can give new opportunities in the research of the evolution of varieties. Over the analyses of seed morphology, the genetic analyses of the seeds can provide interesting data.

Angiosperms have a complex fertilisation process, the so-called double fertilisation (**Figure 1**). It is double, because two female cells, the egg cell and the central cells, are fertilised by two sperm cells forming the embryo and endosperm, respectively. This unique procedure was discovered parallel by Nawaschin [3] and Guignard [4]. Due to the double fertilisation, in such species, where the mass of the endosperm is significantly higher than the mass of the embryo, the haplotype of the

parents can be determinable. The main point of the idea is based on the fact that in most of the angiosperms, the endosperm is triploid with two genome equivalents from the maternal line and one from the paternal line [5]. Our presumption was that this numeral difference in the maternal and paternal alleles causes measureable difference in the amplification of SSR alleles.

To validate our method, pre-experiments were carried out on 12 Pinot gris seeds.
