Conservation and Management

*Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration*

jenvman.2018.01.041

v19i1.802

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**Chapter 7**

**Abstract**

Stieglers Gorge Dam Construction:

Mangrove Restoration Options in

The varied importance of mangroves has long been recognized. And so have been the threats to their existence, leading to various actions taken locally by local communities, national governments, and through international agreements for the protection and integration of human livelihood needs in a manner that balances conservation goals and goals of socio-economic development. In Tanzania the mangrove conservation ethos began during the German colonization of Tanganyika and has been persistent in the age of high globalization. In an effort to deepen our understanding of the dynamics of global, national and local nature conservation, this chapter documents the various strategies and approaches used in mangrove restoration elsewhere in the world generally, and then specifically in the Rufiji Delta. The chapter further unpacks the contrasting socio-political interests behind the efforts to conserve mangroves worldwide and in Tanzania. It does so by looking at three competing narratives, i.e. the mainstream perspective, the neo-liberal perspective, and the local cultural perspective, acting at a number of nested scales

Potential Impacts and Possible

the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania

from the local grassroots to the national and the global scales.

conservation management, socioeconomic

now than ever before in human history [6].

**1. Introduction**

**1.1 Framing the problem**

**Keywords:** ecosystem goods, ecosystem services, Africa, coastal community,

Mangroves have provided critical services to humans and the ecosystems. They have done this well and their ecological, economic, cultural and esthetic importance values have long been recognized. It was not until recently in the Anthropocene when the threats to their existence have been magnified with losses of the habitat of more than 50% reported in some parts of the globe due to their commoditization [1–5]. It is thus that the mangrove conservation ethos has particularly been persistent

In an attempt to deepen our understanding of the dynamics of nature conservation reinforced by dominant discourses of the 1990s, neo-liberalism and ecological

*Claude Gasper Mung'ong'o*

#### **Chapter 7**
