**2. Beneficial roles of** *Pseudomonas* **species in medicine**

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* produces a wide range of compounds with bacteriostatic or bactericide activity, which are vital in the control of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria [2]. These compounds result from secondary metabolism and are referred to as secondary metabolites from various pathways including the polyketide and shikimic-chorismic acid pathways [3]. Studies have shown substances with antibacterial or antifungal activity secreted in the secondary metabolism of microorganisms could be applied in the management of human, animal, and plant diseases [4–6].

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* strains produce compounds with antimicrobial properties, which include a group of peptides called pyocins and other heterocyclic compounds such as quinolines, phenylpyrroles, and phenazines [7]. These heterocyclic compounds eliminate microorganisms via DNA damage to cell depolarization in aiding the colonization of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* [8].

Recent research has shown strain of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* secreting an organometallic compound with inhibitory activity against MDR bacteria, including carbapenemase-producing *Klebsiella pneumoniae* and methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* [9, 10]. Additionally, the same strain produced a phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (in low quantity) showing antifungal potential against *Botrytis cinerea* [11, 12].

**99**

*The Beneficial Roles of Pseudomonas in Medicine, Industries, and Environment: A Review*

**2.1 Hydroxytyrosol from** *Pseudomonas* **for management of cardiovascular** 

from the pharmaceutical industry due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antitumor, and chemomodulation effects and its role against cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Interest in this molecule has led to a wide research on its biological activities, its valuable effects in humans, and how to synthetize new molecules from hydroxytyrosol. *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* has been reported to produce high yield of hydroxytyrosol by tyrosol into hydroxytyrosol via the immobilization of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* resting cells in calcium alginate

beads. The bioconversion yield reached 86% in the availability of 5 g L<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

**3. Beneficial roles of** *Pseudomonas* **species in the industries**

tank additives, general cleaning products, and odor control products.

industries in the production of various compounds such as:

when cells immobilized in alginate beads were carried out in single batches [13].

In addition, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* strain 1001 produces an esterase (EstA) that has the ability to hydrolyse the racemic methyl ester of β-acetylthioisobutyrate to produce the (D)-enantiomer, which serves as a precursor of captopril. Captopril is an important drug in the management of congestive heart failure, hypertension, and diabetic nephropathy. This is achieved via the inhibition of angiotensin-

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* has beneficial uses in various industrial and commercial sectors around the globe. These include waste degradation, oil refineries, textile products, agriculture, pulp and paper, mining, and explosive industries. They can also be used in commercial and household drain cleaners and degreasers, septic

Strains of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* have been identified to play a vital role in the

**3.1 Vanillin synthesized by** *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* **for industrial application**

**3.2 Rhamnolipids of** *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* **for industrial applications**

Rhamnolipids are a class of glycolipid produced by *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, among other organisms. They have a glycosyl head group, in this case a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, such as

It is one of the most important components of natural flavors; vanillin is broadly used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Recent research reports the production of vanillin through microbial transformation using isoeugenol as a precursor by a novel strain of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* ISPC2 isolated from the soil [15].

Hydroxytyrosol, a phenylethanoid, is a molecule that has attracted high interests

of tyrosol

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85996*

**disease**

converting enzyme [14].

• Vanillin

• Protease

• Lipase

• Rhamnolipids

• Biopigments etc.

*The Beneficial Roles of Pseudomonas in Medicine, Industries, and Environment: A Review DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85996*

### **2.1 Hydroxytyrosol from** *Pseudomonas* **for management of cardiovascular disease**

Hydroxytyrosol, a phenylethanoid, is a molecule that has attracted high interests from the pharmaceutical industry due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antitumor, and chemomodulation effects and its role against cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Interest in this molecule has led to a wide research on its biological activities, its valuable effects in humans, and how to synthetize new molecules from hydroxytyrosol. *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* has been reported to produce high yield of hydroxytyrosol by tyrosol into hydroxytyrosol via the immobilization of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* resting cells in calcium alginate beads. The bioconversion yield reached 86% in the availability of 5 g L<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> of tyrosol when cells immobilized in alginate beads were carried out in single batches [13].

In addition, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* strain 1001 produces an esterase (EstA) that has the ability to hydrolyse the racemic methyl ester of β-acetylthioisobutyrate to produce the (D)-enantiomer, which serves as a precursor of captopril. Captopril is an important drug in the management of congestive heart failure, hypertension, and diabetic nephropathy. This is achieved via the inhibition of angiotensinconverting enzyme [14].
