*2.2.1 PPARƔ*

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to a superfamily of nuclear receptors that regulate the metabolism of glucose and lipids.

PPARƔ is a receptor that is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and one of the main regulators of glucose and insulin metabolisms. It also plays an important role in the transcriptional activation of adipokines, including adiponectin [31]. PPARƔ directly controls the expression of many genes related to the key functions of adipocytes, such as lipid transport and metabolism, as well as the production of adipokines. It also affects the expression of genes involved with lipid metabolism such as lipid transport (FABP4), fatty acid absorption (LPL, FATP/SLC2/A1, OLR1), recycling of intracellular fatty acids (PEP-CK/PCK1, GK, AQP7), and lipolysis (GPR81) [32].
