**5. Conclusion**

It is anticipated that MSC secretome and angiocrine could be used as an offthe-shelf alternative therapy to modulate angiogenesis/vascularization in distinct tissues. Considering both pro- and anti-angiogenic capacity, a big question remains to the identification of safety and efficacy of MSC secretome under specific conditions. Based on the data from different experiments, the angiogenic paracrine potential of MSCs is currently under investigation, and results of preclinical and translational studies, if confirmatory of previous basic experiments, could lead to human medicine for angiogenic modulation of tissues. The discovery of the signaling pathways that mastermind the paracrine pro- and anti-angiogenic potential of MSCs enables us to find appropriate policies for modulating angiogenic switch on/ off in in vivo condition.
