**Oil dispersions (OD)**

*Protecting Rice Grains in the Post-Genomic Era*

• Particle size approximately 5 μm.

**Water dispersible granules (WG)**

• Designed to be suspended in water.

wettable powder.

concentration.

water before use.

usually water.

the required stability.

• They are produced by a wet milling process.

• Particle size distribution of 1–10 μm.

**The suspension concentrate (SC)**

**The emulsions**

good storage stability.

with conventional spray equipment [83].

• Finely ground dry formulations that will be applied after suspension in water.

• Long storage stability, good miscibility with water, and convenient application

• The granules break to form a uniform suspension similar to that formed by a

• Compared to powdered products, these WGs are relatively dust-free and with

• The products contain a wetting agent and dispersing agent similar to those used in wettable powders, but the dispersing agent is usually at a higher

• The emulsion can be oil in water (EW), which is a normal emulsion, or water in oil (EO), an inverted emulsion. Both products are designed to be mixed with

• A mixture of a finely ground solid active ingredient dispersed in a liquid phase,

• The solid particles do not dissolve in the liquid phase, so that the mixture needs to be stirred before application to keep the particles evenly distributed.

• The composition of the suspension concentrate is complex and contains wetting/dispersing agents, thickening agents, antifoaming agents, etc., to ensure

• Consist of liquid droplets dispersed in another immiscible liquid.

• Size of the droplets in the dispersed phase varies from 0.1 to 10 μm.

• Produced by mixing an active ingredient with surfactants, wetting and dis-

persing agents, and inert fillers, followed by milling.

**Wettable powders (WP)**

**194**

