Scope of the Series

Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all of life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics, to ecology, medicine and population biology. Biochemistry studies macromolecules proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids –their building blocks, structures, functions and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins and hormones, which play roles in the life process. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting the methods of classical chemistry, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the 'big data' omics systems.

Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying and examining individual components of a biological system; in exemplary words of Efraim Racker, (1913 –1991) "Don't waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes." Today however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe fully a particular biological system. The 'big data' metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the proteins comprising e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment e.g., bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address both the current research on biomolecules, and the emerging trends with great promise.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

*and Takuo Ogihara*

Technologies

**Preface III**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Pharmaceutical and Medical Uses **19**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 37**

**Chapter 4 65**

**Chapter 5 81**

**Chapter 6 97**

Pharmacological Effects and Utility as a Food Additive of Calcium Alginate

Current Perspective and Advancements of Alginate-Based Transplantation

The Use of Alginate Hydrogels for the Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Role of Alginates Combined with Natural Extracts to Prevent the Gastric

*by Francesca Uberti, Lorenzo Secondini, Ian Stoppa, Mietta Catera* 

*by Samuel Rodriguez, Rahul Tuli, Ashlyn Wheeler, Amy Nguyen, Jennifer Luong,* 

*by Fumiyoshi Kasahara, Yoko Idota, Yuuki Fukai, Chihaya Kakinuma* 

*Reza Mohammadi, Michael Alexander and Jonathan R.T. Lakey*

*by Michail E. Klontzas, Hicham Drissi and Athanasios Mantalaris*

Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine

(MSCs): In Vitro and In Vivo Paradigms

*by Agnieszka Kaczmarek-Pawelska*

Acid-Related Damage

*and Claudio Molinari*

Introductory Chapter: Alginates - A General Overview

*by Leonel Pereira and João Cotas*
