4. Materials and method

3.2 Microwave activation of wet char

in coal desulfurization.

Sorption in 2020s

heating [29].

[20, 21, 32].

Table 3.

70

Mineral microwave thermal interaction values [33].

This type of microwave treatment may be advantageous in internal selective heating and activating coal grains and provides selective surface oxidation of pyrite

Microwave energy with frequency nonionizing electromagnetic radiation in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz stopped. The radiation includes tri-band microwave frequency (UHF: 300 MHz to 3 GHz), super high frequency (SHF: 3 GHz and 30 GHz), and extremely high frequency (EHF 30 GHz to 300 GHz) [28]. The microwaves penetrate the depth of the sample in the form of electromagnetic energy, which increases the temperature of the sample volume, unlike conventional

Mineral leaching in slurries under microwave thermal effect, melting of the microwave wet roasting of sulfide concentrates, wet oxidation of refractory gold concentrates, and activated carbon regeneration can be accomplished in wet solutions [30, 31]. There will be wet solutions of ferrite affected by microwave heating as sorbent effect of fly ash of Şırnak asphaltite same as that of limestone rock

Microwave heating technology provides oxidation heating and the interaction was determined to be applicable successfully [28]. Microwave interaction parameters of rocks, microwave penetration, expansion of different mineral grains, and grain boundary cracking properties were examined. The temperature varies according to the thermal effects of microwave on mineral species [33]. Table 3 showed microwave radiation, the higher penetration of mineral grains of pyrite as

Pore structure of the coal sıde rock, shale texture, contained pyrite at grain size in microns and determined the resistance at intergranular interaction with microwave. The wet heat sorption of the coal's texture of side rocks and coal was deter-

Mineral Maximum temperature, °C Time, min Albite 69 7 Chromite 155 7 Chalcopyrite 920 1 Zinabar 144 8.5 Gehlenite 956 7 Hematite 1082 7 Magnetite 1258 2.75 Marble 74 4.25 Molybdenite 192 7 Orthoclase 67 7 Pyrite 1019 6.75 Pvrotine 586 1.75 Quartz 79 7 Sphalerite 88 7 Zircon 52 7

given and has lead 1019°C like a temperature change.

mined with TGA standard test.

The biochar and char waste with clay produced from different combustion temperatures at 700–900°C were tested in three column series for adsorption of SO2 as seen in Figure 5. Test results were determined as weight change in TGA.

The experimentation studied weight adsorbed matter presenting decrease or increase at TGA analyzer and simulated numerical calculations of the carbon porous counted system for letting sequential passage of the flue gas fed as the wet SO2 sorption, by primarily under vacuum pressure swing sorption separation unit, containing the absorption chiller (AC). Steam matter in flue gas affected resulted numerical concept, Mainly it is assumed that gas flowing as the wet flue gas which occurred in comparison upper and lower heat source for AC; the flue gas, which is larger heat carrier so that required by the AC, heat exchangers must be practiced.

#### 4.1 Microwave acted hollow fiber membranes use for gas sorption

The SEPURAN® hollow membrane was effective in gas separation and cleaning. The gas cleaning unit compromised various membrane systems for different applications. SEPURAN® Green is tailored exactly to the specific application, which was ideally clean biogas due to its high CO2/CH4 selectivity.

#### 4.2 The reactivity for gas sorption

Gas sorption sequential columns and composite sorbent membranes provided adsorption work according to the principle of selective gas permeation through the char and composite membrane surface. The reactivity and active site pore improve permeation and the inner site mass rate of each gas depend on its solubility on the char surface and active composite membrane material and on the diffusion rate of the gas.

The active char could improve reactivity and high mobility of molecules that pass through the composite membrane. The larger gas molecules take more time to permeate the membrane. The experiments showed that different type of composite polymer membrane materials could work heavier gas separately. The mainly selective gas passage through the membrane in order to clean the flue gases was achieved by means of a partial pressure gradient.

#### 4.3 Active char production from municipal waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW) yielded worthless litter as disposed matter and recycled or covered by land in certain areas, and in many states, it may evaluate as a renewable energy source by incineration. Totally, about 130 million tons of MSW are incinerated annually in waste-to-energy facilities that produce electricity and steam for district heating and even metal contents may be recovered in recycling plants. A large amount of paper is recycled in China, evaluating a significant amount of paper sludge and residue during the paper production process. The incineration plants [34] can use that sludge and provide waste elimination. Currently, two incineration methods, distinguished as either direct incineration of partially dewatered sludge (generally 80% water content) or dried sludge incineration (dried to about 40% water content), are available. Research on comparison of fixed cost, operating cost, and pollutant emissions between the two systems is presented. Fixed cost and steam consumption increase for the dried sludge

incineration system though this method possesses many advantages; these include the decrease in consumption of auxiliary coal, service power, and flue gas purification.

separated on char and composite waste char clay composites so that the flue gas

Microwave Radiated Sorption-Hazardous Emission Control by Popped Borax and Salted…

Microwave heating of wet coal char samples containing pyrite of minerals may provide the inner thermal stress and interfacial cracks. In this work, following microwave sorption and pellets to a size of minus 1–2 mm from 200 μm and especially, the effect of microwave radiation on char sorption of those char and ferrite fly ash samples was investigated. Limestone and lime mixed pellets were also tested by TGA with microwave wet sorption in columns on combusted Şırnak asphaltite; marl from Şırnak Coal Mine and shale taken from coal mine waste dumps were also tested. In the experiment, microwave power of 900 W microwave radiation was practiced at 20 min cycling sorption bed in Bosch-type microwave

Hydrodynamic parameters investigated pressurized column (Figure 9), and simulation results of the output of concentrations (step curve F(t/τ), where τ is the mean residence time of fluid in the column) are shown in Figure 10. According to

Microwave radiation carried out in wet steam of stack gas flow in pressurized packed counter current flow

temperature is as low as possible, and there is no water content in it.

laboratory equipment, as shown in Figure 8 [35–37].

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89370

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

73

Spherical core shrinking sorption reaction model [23].

matter.
