**Acknowledgements**

My deepest gratitude first goes to Dr. Sheng Jinbao and Dr. Wang Zhaosheng, my supervisors, for their constant encouragement and guidance. My thanks would go

to workmates in Dam Safety Management Center of MWR at Nanjing for discussing ideas presented here. Contributions from Pro. Qian Xing at Nanjing University are greatly appreciated.

This chapter is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1501202).
