**4. Conclusions**

*Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience*

through the technology solutions implemented for such aim.

*Emergency communications network topology for disaster events management.*

management in each of their phases.

a network useful to manage different disaster events, in **Figure 11**, the structural topology of the emergency communications network for disaster events management designed in this chapter is presented. Network has a main function to serve as an operational structure to back up the conventional communications networks infrastructures affected by disasters, and in the same way, be an alternative infrastructure that can provide the capacities to implement diverse technology solutions and communications services to support in the tasks inherent to the disasters

Nevertheless, the communications satellites platforms in the emergency communication network has the principal function to handle all communications traffic between the areas affected by disasters and the entities in charge to manage the recuperation tasks in disasters, and also provide the necessary channels through their payload to implement the required technology solutions and the communications services demanded in disaster scenarios. Equally, the communications satellites platforms in combination with the remote sensing satellites in the emergency network have the function to transmit and receive different types of images captured for the remote sensing satellites and processed in their ground stations,

In this sense, regarding the communications satellite Satnet-3 and the Remote Sensing Satellite-1 and Remote Sensing Satellite-2, satellites platforms are selected to design and implement the emergency communications network presented in this chapter; Satnet-3 in the emergency network has the main function to handle all the communications traffic and also provide the capacity to implement the communications technology solutions required in the areas affected by the disasters according to its payload capacity and teleport infrastructure. In combination with the Remote

**208**

**Figure 11.**

Diverse organizations in charge to develop disasters management activities at a worldwide level focus on numerous studies for the improvement and formulation of new technologies to facilitate the execution of the procedures necessaries to carry out the disasters management processes in multiplicity hazard scenarios. Technologies can be novels and reliable to manage and plan the preparedness, mitigation and recuperation tasks in disasters. From this perspective, nowadays, the space technology makes available different satellite platforms on-orbit operation that provides the technology resources necessaries to increase and optimize the response capacities to manage the disaster events in their distinct phases. Therefore, the design of the infrastructure, such as emergency communications networks for disaster management by means of the communications satellites and remote sensing satellites integration, inside an operational topology operates in emergency scenarios; it is a novel communications and remote sensing applications platform useful to manage disaster events in all their phases. This type of emergency communications networks is an essential and adequate communications model to enhance the preparedness, mitigation, and recovery of the communications systems which can be affected by disasters, and besides, it is a reliable infrastructure to images capturing and processing in disaster scenarios.

However, the importance and application of the emergency communications networks in disasters are invaluable as it is noticed in the practical cases described through this chapter. For instance, in the Dominican Republic case, the country has often affected by natural disasters, which has an emergency communications

network designed to take advantage of the different data types received from communications satellites, remote sensing satellites, meteorological satellites, telemetry systems, and specialized equipment to manage a technological platform useful for forecast, early warning, and disaster events mitigation that may take place in this country.

Likewise, from the field experiences learned in the Sichuan earthquake, phenomenon occurred in the People Republic of China on May 12, 2008, the use of the remote sensing satellites and communications satellites simultaneously to manage this disaster was a resource useful to carry out diverse tasks of evaluation, mitigation, and recovery of the areas affected by the aforementioned earthquake. In specific, during the Sichuan earthquake, the remote sensing images with different spectral and spatial resolution were helpful to analyze the multiple damages caused by this disaster event, as well as to establish the measures needed to initiate the infrastructures damaged during recovering process. In relation to the communications satellites role in the Sichuan earthquake, these platforms were used to recover the communications services and to support the alternatives technologies solutions implementation for different data types exchanges between the entities in charge to manage the disaster. All the mentioned tasks developed by both satellite technologies in the Sichuan earthquake are the clearest basis of the operational philosophy implemented in the emergency communications networks for disaster management designed through the integration of the communications satellites and remote sensing satellites and, fundamentally, the operational perspective approached in the work presented.

In this sense, the emergency communication network for disaster management designed and described in this chapter is an infrastructure that provides the resources adequate to put in operation different communication technologies solutions and a variety of options or schemes to the images exchange between the actors involved in the disasters management tasks, and so as for the population in general affected by disasters directly. In the same way, the emergency network design is supported by a series of operational strategies formulated to enhance the communications services implementation in disasters through the adequate characterization of the communications satellites payload frequencies bands, as well as by operational procedures to optimize the remote sensing satellites spatial and spectral resolution during their operation inside the emergency communications network with the aim to improve the images capturing and management in events of disasters. In summary, the emergency communications network topology developed provides the capacities or functional resources to make possible the effective response to recover the public and private terrestrial communications infrastructures and services in disasters scenarios. Alternatively, the network may operate at an international scale, since it has the capacity to be managed in order to support other countries affected by disasters with damages on their terrestrial communications infrastructures. Considering only for such aim, the coverage region of the communications satellites that integrates the network, because of their beams coverage change by regions according to the satellite orbit position, unlike to the remote sensing satellites whose coverage is global.

## **Acknowledgements**

I would like to thank Engineer Liliana de la Cruz Alvarez de Burguillos for her advice and encouragement throughout this project; her continued support and willingness to help me were of great value to develop this work.

**211**

gob.ve

**Author details**

Carlos Alberto Burguillos Fajardo

Complex, Caracas, Venezuela

provided the original work is properly cited.

*Emergency Communications Network for Disaster Management*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85872*

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: shincomlabvene@hotmail.com; cburguillos@abae.

1 Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific, International School Beihang University, Beijing, China

2 Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities (ABAE), Simón Rodríguez Technology

*Emergency Communications Network for Disaster Management DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85872*

*Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience*

place in this country.

work presented.

network designed to take advantage of the different data types received from communications satellites, remote sensing satellites, meteorological satellites, telemetry systems, and specialized equipment to manage a technological platform useful for forecast, early warning, and disaster events mitigation that may take

Likewise, from the field experiences learned in the Sichuan earthquake, phenomenon occurred in the People Republic of China on May 12, 2008, the use of the remote sensing satellites and communications satellites simultaneously to manage this disaster was a resource useful to carry out diverse tasks of evaluation, mitigation, and recovery of the areas affected by the aforementioned earthquake. In specific, during the Sichuan earthquake, the remote sensing images with different spectral and spatial resolution were helpful to analyze the multiple damages caused by this disaster event, as well as to establish the measures needed to initiate the infrastructures damaged during recovering process. In relation to the communications satellites role in the Sichuan earthquake, these platforms were used to recover the communications services and to support the alternatives technologies solutions implementation for different data types exchanges between the entities in charge to manage the disaster. All the mentioned tasks developed by both satellite technologies in the Sichuan earthquake are the clearest basis of the operational philosophy implemented in the emergency communications networks for disaster management designed through the integration of the communications satellites and remote sensing satellites and, fundamentally, the operational perspective approached in the

In this sense, the emergency communication network for disaster management designed and described in this chapter is an infrastructure that provides the resources adequate to put in operation different communication technologies solutions and a variety of options or schemes to the images exchange between the actors involved in the disasters management tasks, and so as for the population in general affected by disasters directly. In the same way, the emergency network design is supported by a series of operational strategies formulated to enhance the communications services implementation in disasters through the adequate characterization of the communications satellites payload frequencies bands, as well as by operational procedures to optimize the remote sensing satellites spatial and spectral resolution during their operation inside the emergency communications network with the aim to improve the images capturing and management in events of disasters. In summary, the emergency communications network topology developed provides the capacities or functional resources to make possible the effective response to recover the public and private terrestrial communications infrastructures and services in disasters scenarios. Alternatively, the network may operate at an international scale, since it has the capacity to be managed in order to support other countries affected by disasters with damages on their terrestrial communications infrastructures. Considering only for such aim, the coverage region of the communications satellites that integrates the network, because of their beams coverage change by regions according to the satellite orbit position, unlike to the remote sensing

I would like to thank Engineer Liliana de la Cruz Alvarez de Burguillos for her advice and encouragement throughout this project; her continued support and

willingness to help me were of great value to develop this work.

**210**

satellites whose coverage is global.

**Acknowledgements**
