Acknowledgements

3. n<sup>1</sup> � person1; …; np � personp n o

necessary resources for their operation

Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience

by application of rules from scheme R [12, 13].

solved by application of the introduced techniques.

necessary resources

5. n<sup>1</sup> � dev1; …; nq � devq

previous elements of STS

In general case

8. Conclusion

will occur.

260

, representing amounts of different types of

�≥1, (67)

persons, which may stay alive after NHI, because they would be supplied by

4. n<sup>1</sup> � tech1; …; ns f g � techs , representing amounts of the types of technical systems, which may operate after NHI, because resource base of STS contains all

� �, representing amounts of the types of separate devices, which do not enter any technical system from the previous set, but may operate separately because they may be supplied by necessary resources

6. n<sup>1</sup> � res1; …; nt f g � rest , representing amounts of resources, which would remain in the resource base of STS after all the rest RB would be attached to all

so the only TMS, representing the final variant of distribution of the resources, remained in the RB after NHI, would be selected by application of some additional conditions. This task may be easily done by the use of filtering multigrammars (FMG); each FMG S ¼ , v0, R, F . along with kernel v<sup>0</sup> and scheme R contains filter F, joining conditions, which provide selection of terminal multisets, generated

General case of the distributed STS is not more complicated and may be easily

Proposed multiset-based framework for the assessment of resilience of distributed sociotechnical systems to natural hazards provides flexible and sufficiently easy representation of knowledge about DSTS operation, understood as resource production, relocation, and consumption. Criterial base, introduced in this paper, may be effectively applicable in a posteriori as well as in a priori mode, i.e., for detection of "weak places" in DSTS and their strengthening, not waiting, when NH

As it was said higher, analytical capabilities of the described framework may be extended by implanting universal time scale into the basic knowledge representation, i.e., into multiset grammars and their various modifications. Such extension

implemented by DSTS in normal state as well as by DSTS, partly destroyed by NHI, and estimation of time periods, necessary for production of various amounts of resources in both cases. This approach makes possible also precise solution of different problems, concerning DSTS recovery [25, 26], on the unified background of resource-based techniques. The main tool for such work is the aforementioned temporal multiset grammars, which will be described in the following publications.

would provide full description of dynamics of manufacturing processes,

VS�<sup>1</sup> � � �

The author is grateful to Prof. Fred Roberts and Prof. Don Saari for their useful discussions and to Prof. Alexey Gvishiani for his permanent support.
