**4. Polyphenols**

Polyphenols are substances derived from plants with good absorption properties and bioavailability and are bioactive. They are classified into flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, and other derivatives.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diseases such as depression, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer are caused by genetic inheritance, environment, and socioeconomic factors as causal agents in the development of these diseases.

Oxidative stress associated with certain diseases is part of epidemiological studies associated with a diet rich in antioxidants to reduce the effects caused by free radicals (ROS).

Antioxidants can be obtained from a diet rich in fruits and vegetables that include cocoa, coffee, and tea.

Studies related to polyphenols indicate beneficial effects on human health, since their consumption modifies absorption, bioavailability, and metabolism. Its antioxidant effect lies in the way of extracting plants and obtaining in some foods how potatoes improve microbial digestion in the colon due to the phenolic metabolites that are formed.

The antioxidant effects of polyphenols in the diet are attributed to the enzymatic regulation that reduce free radicals and modulate the enzymatic process during the development of cell reduction reactions.

Marmouzi et al. demonstrated that antioxidants form hybrids that prevent hyperglycemia via enzymatic modulation in phase II. The anticancer effect is also attributed to the signaling of cancer cells and to the progression of the cell cycle and modulation of apoptosis.

Derived polyphenols have antitumor effects in breast cancer with estrogenmediated receptor activity (ERc) and with receptor 2 or epidermal growth factor (HER2) and in proliferation and chronic inflammation [50].

Degenerative disorder with Alzheimer's disease is related to human aging, and it has been observed that patients suffering from this disease have high levels of free radicals. The phenolic derivative resveratrol can inhibit the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide, present in these patients. It is a phenol with antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory that is involved with neuronal differentiation through activation as a silent regulator of cellular information.

Substances with important phytochemical properties used as antioxidants are curcumin, resveratrol, propolis, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS), and ginseng derivatives. They are used to decrease cerebral neuroinflammation. Avenanthramide is a substance that can serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of brain disorders.

The extracts of ethanol of *Diospyros kaki* rich in flavonoids diminish the oxidative stress and are mediators in the processes of inflammation and are related to the memory in synaptic processes in the communication of proteins.

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*Importance of the Nutrition with Antioxidants in the Treatment of Cancer and Others Damages*

On the other hand, the action of sulfhydryl (SH) and thiol groups in antistress processes is related to the enzymatic process of the carbonic anhydrase enzymes III and VII and the reactivity with amino acids such as cysteine and its residues in

In Mediterranean countries diet rich in antioxidants including polyphenols has decreased coronary heart disease and cancer. The consumption of a diet rich in vegetables, fish oil, and olive oil and the consumption of wine and the reduction of

The diet based on polyphenols is included in the continents of Europe, Asia, and South America. The adherence and origin of polyphenols depend on the place of

The presence of free radicals (ROS) can induce cell death in tissues and organs. The liver as an organ that metabolizes many substances as nutrients and drugs is the place most damaged by free radicals in parenchymal cells, mitochondria, and perixomes. ROS are related to fatty acid oxidation and gene expression.

The TNF-alpha cytokines can produce in Kupffer cells oxidative stress that give rise to inflammatory processes and apoptosis, which can cause liver damage and affect hemostasis, leading to irreversible damage to the synthesis of lipids, proteins, and DNA by the effect of modulators that control different biological

The presence of ROS affects genetic regulation in the transcription process, in the expression of proteins, in apoptosis, and in cell activation, causing severe damage to metabolic processes leading to liver diseases such as chronic viral hepatitis

The clinical treatment derives from the consumption of antioxidants as adjuvants that can be synthetic products or derivatives of vitamins C and E and other substances such as mitoquinone, N-acetylcysteine, and silibinin for the treatment of

N-acetylcysteine, propofol and mitoquinone mesylate, selenium, methionine, and lipoic acid can be used in patients suffering from fatty liver and steatohepatitis.

On the other hand, some foods induce the inhibition or inactivation of the P53 gene, which was known as the guardian of the genome, because of his function to identify and prevent the multiplication of cells with modified DNA in its structure

P53 is a transcription factor whose gene is located on the short arm of chromo-

Therapy with antioxidants of synthetic origin and of natural origin is important for the treatment of different diseases including those derived from liver diseases. In the case of the use of plants, it is necessary to have knowledge of the

some 17. P53 is a DNA repair sensor; if the damage is severe, P53 induces programmed cell death or apoptosis. If P53 has mutations, its functions are not carried out. If mutations occur in the germ line (gametic cells), it can lead to Li-Fraumeni syndrome, characterized by breast cancer and other neoplasms, which leads to a

Antioxidants such as zinc, coenzyme Q10, sylimarin, metadoxine,

and fatty liver caused by excess consumption of alcohol.

chronic hepatitis C and for patients with cirrhosis [55].

Methionine can also be used for liver treatment.

pattern of autosomal dominant transmission [56].

due to carcinogenic people.

**6. Conclusions**

saturated fats of the trans type have allowed to decrease cellular aging [53].

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85469*

S-glutathionylation processes [52].

production [54].

functions.

**5. Other causes of cancer**

*Importance of the Nutrition with Antioxidants in the Treatment of Cancer and Others Damages DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85469*

On the other hand, the action of sulfhydryl (SH) and thiol groups in antistress processes is related to the enzymatic process of the carbonic anhydrase enzymes III and VII and the reactivity with amino acids such as cysteine and its residues in S-glutathionylation processes [52].

In Mediterranean countries diet rich in antioxidants including polyphenols has decreased coronary heart disease and cancer. The consumption of a diet rich in vegetables, fish oil, and olive oil and the consumption of wine and the reduction of saturated fats of the trans type have allowed to decrease cellular aging [53].

The diet based on polyphenols is included in the continents of Europe, Asia, and South America. The adherence and origin of polyphenols depend on the place of production [54].
