Chapter 19

*Antioxidants*

(Amst). 2016;**48**:1-7

2003;**63**:S25-S28

Elevated urinary levels of 8-oxo-2′ deoxyguanosine, (5'R)- and (5'S)-8,5′ cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosines, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes. DNA Repair [36] SIES H. Oxidative stress: Oxidants and antioxidants. Experimental Physiology. 1997;**82**:291-295

[37] Finkelstein FO, Juergensen P, Wang S, Santacroce S, Levine M, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Handelman GJ. Hemoglobin and plasma vitamin C levels in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2011;**31**(1):74-79

[29] De Deyn PP, Vanholder R, D'hooge R. Nitric oxide in uremia: Effects of several potentially toxic Guanidino compounds. Kidney International.

[30] Brunet P, Gondouin B, Duval-Sabatier A, Dou L, Cerini C, Dignat-George F, et al. Does uremia cause vascular dysfunction? Kidney & Blood Pressure Research. 2011;**34**:284-290

[31] Zweier JL, Li H, Samouilov A, Liu X. Mechanisms of nitrite reduction to nitric oxide in the heart and vessel wall.

[32] Tarng DC, Chen TW, Huang T-P, Chen C-L, Liu T-Y, Wei YH. Increased oxidative damage to peripheral blood leukocyte DNA in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.

Nitric Oxide. 2010;**22**(2):83-90

[33] Ogunleye A, Akinbodewa AA, Adejumo OA, Oluwafemi TT, Akinfaderin DA. Changes in antioxidant status associated with haemodialysis in chronic kidney disease. Ghana Medical

Journal. 2018;**52**(1):29-33

Diseases. 2009;**3**(1):22-27

[35] Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress induced cancer. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2006;**160**:1-40

[34] Ahmadpoor P, Eftekhar E, Nourooz-Zadeh J, Servat H, Makhdoomi K, Ghafari A. Glutathione, glutathionerelated enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity in patients on maintenance dialysis. Iranian Journal of Kidney

2002;**13**:1321-1330

**350**
