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Antioxidants

531-537

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**149**

**Chapter 8**

**Abstract**

showed the most significant effect.

**1. Introduction**

The Role of Endogenous

Experimental Arthritis

Antioxidants in the Treatment of

*Katarina Bauerova, Jarmila Kucharska, Silvester Ponist,* 

*Lukas Slovak, Karol Svik, Vladimir Jakus and Jana Muchova*

The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is poorly understood; however, elevated oxidative stress has been described to be involved. In this chapter, we present experiments with endogenous molecules bearing antioxidative properties. In our studies, we used male Lewis rats, and the arthritis was induced with *Mycobacterium butyricum*. In the first experiment, we tested coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10) in the oral daily dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. Markers of inflammation and total antioxidant status were corrected in the group supplemented. CoQ10 treatment significantly improved concentrations of the investigated endogenous antioxidants. Further as an important fact, we consider a good bioavailability of used CoQ10 formulation which was confirmed by increased CoQ concentrations in plasma, tissue, and mitochondria from skeletal muscles. In the second study, we describe the results with hyaluronic acid (HA) administered in oral daily doses of 0.5 mg and 5 mg/kg b.w. and of different molecular weights (0.43, 0.99, and 1.73 MDa). A notable antioxidative effect of HA was assessed: its administration increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in erythrocytes and total antioxidant capacity of plasma and reduced the marker of oxidative damage to lipids—plasmatic lipid hydroperoxides. HA with the highest molecular weight

**Keywords:** oxidative stress, antioxidants, coenzyme Q10, hyaluronan, arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease, affecting almost 1–2% of the world's population. Most of patients present rheumatoid factors, which are autoantibodies directed to the Fc fraction of immunoglobulin G and antibodies reacting with citrullinated peptides [1, 2]. The pathogenesis of RA is understood incompletely. Until now, there is a lack of optimal therapy against this disease. The disease is characterized by immunological dysfunction and chronic inflammation which results in synovial joint deformity and destruction. In the course of RA, the synovial membrane of diarthrodial joints is inflamed, and articular tissue is damaged which leads to severe functional

**1.1 Involvement of oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis**
