*3.3.1 Superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity*

An increase in the serum activity of SOD was found in patients in PD with DM, 3.36 ± 0.28 U/mL, and No-DM, 3.28 ± 0.22 U/mL (*p* < 0.0001), versus the activity


*SOD, superoxide dismutase; LPO, lipoperoxides; No-DM, without diabetes mellitus; DM, diabetes mellitus; MW-U, Mann-Whitney U test.*

**341**

*Increase of Oxidants and Antioxidant Consumption in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes…*

of the enzyme in healthy controls, 0.23 ± 0.015 U/mL. There was no significant

When including the results of all patients, positive correlation was found between LPO with total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol. The 8-IP showed positive correlation with the reactive C protein. The NO products obtained a positive correlation with Hb, LDL, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol. The activity of SOD showed a positive correlation with creatinine, magnesium, and HDL cholesterol. Negative correlation was found between the products of NO and HDL cholesterol. SOD activity showed negative correlation with residual urine, Hb,

When including the results according to status in No-DM patients, there was a positive correlation between 8-IP with hemoglobin, between NO with triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, between SOD with creatinine and phosphorus, and between TAC with phosphorus and uric acid. There was negative correlation between LPO and body weight, NO and HDL cholesterol, SOD with residual diuresis, hemo-

The serum levels found in healthy controls of TAC were 2.62 ± 0.17 mM; however, significantly decreased levels were found in DM patients, 0.65 ± 0.03 mM, and No-DM patients, 0.69 ± 0.23 mM (*p* < 0.0001). There was no significant difference

difference between patients with and without DM.

*Levels of antioxidant and oxidant in DM and No-DM patients.*

triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol (**Table 3**).

globin, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol (**Table 4**).

**3.5 Correlations in no-DM patients**

**3.4 Correlations in all patients**

**Figure 1.**

between patients with and without DM (**Table 2** and **Figure 1**).

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82880*

#### **Table 2.**

*Antioxidants and oxidants with and without diabetes mellitus vs. healthy controls.*

*Increase of Oxidants and Antioxidant Consumption in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82880*

**Figure 1.** *Levels of antioxidant and oxidant in DM and No-DM patients.*

of the enzyme in healthy controls, 0.23 ± 0.015 U/mL. There was no significant difference between patients with and without DM.

The serum levels found in healthy controls of TAC were 2.62 ± 0.17 mM; however, significantly decreased levels were found in DM patients, 0.65 ± 0.03 mM, and No-DM patients, 0.69 ± 0.23 mM (*p* < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between patients with and without DM (**Table 2** and **Figure 1**).
