**3.6 Statistical analysis**

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SEM). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significance between the groups.

**301**

**Figure 3.**

*Potential Antioxidative Effects of Kolaviron on Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin-Induced…*

The Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis was used to compare the differences between the groups. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. The GraphPad PRISM 5 software package was used for all statistical evaluations and

**4.1 Plasma glucose levels in diabetic and nondiabetic groups before initiation of** 

**Figure 3** shows the non-fasted plasma glucose levels in both nondiabetic (N) and diabetic (STZ) groups before the start of KV and insulin (IN) treatments. The average fasting glucose level was significantly higher in the D group than the N

**4.2 Evaluation of body weights after subjecting the rats to various treatments**

The induction of diabetes with STZ resulted in a significant loss of body weight (**Figure 4**). KV administration to normal rats did not affect body weight compared to untreated nondiabetic rats. On the other hand, the body weights of KV-treated diabetic rats significantly increased compared to diabetic control. Injection of the standard antidiabetic drug, insulin, also improved body weight gains in diabetic rats

**4.3 Evaluation of testicular and epididymal weights of rats subjected to various** 

**Figure 5** presents the testicular weights of rats treated with STZ, KV, and/or IN. Diabetes induction decreased testicular weight in rats, whereas KV treatment of diabetic rats reversed this alteration. This is evident by a significant increase in testicular weight in KV-treated diabetic rats in comparison to untreated diabetic rats. However, insulin treatment did affect testicular weight in diabetic rats when

**Figure 6** presents epididymal weights of rats subjected to different treatments. Diabetic rats had a lower epididymal weight compared to the nondiabetic rats (0.431 g ± 0.062 g versus 0.529 ± 0.058 g, p < 0.05). Treatment of diabetic rats with KV significantly increased epididymal weight in comparison to

*Glucose levels in diabetic and nondiabetic rats before KV and IN treatments. Data are presented as* 

*mean ± SEM. (\*) indicates significant difference with p < 0.05. N, nondiabetic control group; D, diabetic group.*

group (28.19 ± 2.25 mmol/L versus 9.93 ± 0.51 mmol/L, p < 0.05).

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84822*

compared to the untreated diabetic rats.

compared to untreated diabetic rats.

graphical representations.

**4. Results**

**treatments**

**treatments**

*Potential Antioxidative Effects of Kolaviron on Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin-Induced… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84822*

The Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis was used to compare the differences between the groups. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. The GraphPad PRISM 5 software package was used for all statistical evaluations and graphical representations.
