**5. Conclusions**

When comparing patients in PD according to the presence or absence of DM, we found imbalance of markers of oxidative stress characterized by increased LPO products, serum decrease of 8-PI, dysregulation of the antioxidant defense system with significant decrease in TAC, and increase in SOD possibly in an attempt to compensate for the state of oxidative stress. In this population, increased levels of triglycerides and VLDL were observed, which favors the appearance of accelerated atherosclerosis with an increase in arterial stiffness, as well as a decrease in NO levels, which favors secondary endothelial dysfunction. These factors contribute to the increase of CVD in PD patients. Supplementation with external antioxidants could be an emerging strategy to counteract OS with the potential to preserve peritoneal function.

**347**

**Author details**

Javier Soto-Vargas1

provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*

1 Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Especialidad en Nefrologia, Hospital General Regional Instituto Mexicano del

2 Servicio de Nefrología, División de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de

3 Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud,

Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I Menchaca", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

\*Address all correspondence to: kindalex1@outlook.com

Leonardo Pazarín-Villaseñor1,2, Julio Alejandro Gutiérrez-Prieto1

, Renato Parra-Michel1

and Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Diaz<sup>3</sup>

Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

,

, Andrés García-Sanchez<sup>3</sup>

*Increase of Oxidants and Antioxidant Consumption in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes…*

D/P creatinine ratio in the dialysis fluid and plasma (reported at 4 h at the end of the peritoneal equilibrium test)

NADPH nicotinamide phosphate adenine dinucleotide

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82880*

TAC total antioxidant capacity No-DM without diabetes mellitus

HC healthy control CVD cardiovascular disease ESRD end-stage renal disease ROS reactive oxygen species

O2<sup>−</sup> superoxide anion H2O2 hydrogen peroxide RRT renal replacement therapy DN diabetic nephropathy PET peritoneal equilibrium test EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic

SD standard deviation IQR interquartile range TC total cholesterol LDL low-density cholesterol HDL high-density cholesterol VLDL very-low-density cholesterol

RPC reactive protein C Hb hemoglobin
