Scope of the Series

Modern physiology requires a comprehensive understanding of the integration of tissues and organs throughout the mammalian body, including the expression, structure, and function of molecular and cellular components. While a daunting task, learning is facilitated by our identification of common, effective signaling pathways employed by nature to sustain life. As a main example, the cellular interplay between intracellular Ca2 increases and changes in plasma membrane potential is integral to coordinating blood flow, governing the exocytosis of neurotransmitters and modulating genetic expression. Further, in this manner, understanding the systemic interplay between the cardiovascular and nervous systems has now become more important than ever as human populations age and mechanisms of cellular oxidative signaling are utilized for sustaining life. Altogether, physiological research enables our identification of clear and precise points of transition from health to development of multi-morbidity during the inevitable aging process (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, age-related macular

degeneration; cancer). With consideration of all organ systems (e.g., brain, heart, lung, liver; gut, kidney, eye) and the interactions thereof, this Physiology Series will address aims of resolve (1) Aging physiology and progress of chronic diseases (2) Examination of key cellular pathways as they relate to calcium, oxidative stress, and electrical signaling & (3) how changes in plasma membrane produced by lipid peroxidation products affects aging physiology

Contents

**Section 1**

Antioxidant Categories and Mode of Action *by Manal Azat Aziz, Abdulkareem Shehab Diab* 

Antioxidant Compounds and Their Antioxidant Mechanism *by Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez, Raúl Salas-Coronado, Claudia Villanueva-Cañongo and Beatriz Hernández-Carlos*

*by Daniel Martin Márquez López, Tomás A. Fregoso-Aguilar,* 

Antioxidant Compounds from Agro-Industrial Residue

*Raúl Salas-Coronado, Claudia Villanueva-Cañongo* 

*and Paula Cecilia Guadarrama-Mendoza*

Estimated by Electrochemical Method

Phenolic Content: Review and Analysis

*by Biljana Kaurinovic and Djendji Vastag*

*by Beatriz Hernández-Carlos, Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez,* 

*Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez and Sergio O. Flores-Valle*

*and Abeer Abdulrazak Mohammed*

Oxidation Treatment

*by Danuta Zielińska*

*by Abdulameer Allaith*

**Preface III**

Antioxidants: Sources and Modes of Actions **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 51**

**Chapter 4 65**

**Chapter 5 87** The Bioaccessible Reducing Capacity of Buckwheat-Enhanced Wheat Breads

**Chapter 6 101**

**Chapter 7 127**

Antioxidants in Date Fruits and the Extent of the Variability of the Total

Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids as Potential Natural Antioxidants

Effect of the Ozonization Degree of Emu Oil over Healing: An Emerging
