**Author details**

Vanda Claudino-Sales1\*, Ping Wang2 , Fábio Perdigão Vasconcelos3 and Adely Pereira Silveira3

1 Federal University of Ceara State, and Master on Geography, Acarau Valley State University, Fortaleza, Brazil

2 University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, USA

3 State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil

\*Address all correspondence to: vcs@ufc.br

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

*Environmental Problems and Coastal Mitigation in South America: Examples from Northeast… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87959*
