• Coordination

In the 3C concept, coordination has the highest level of partnership between institutions. At this stage, between institutions, they have understood the interdependence between responsibilities and coordinated their respective tasks [25]. Coordination ensures that all units, divisions, and parts of an institution recognize their targets to be achieved. At this stage, all individuals must be well organized in ensuring that the institution's great goals can be achieved by implementing agreed commitments. (Characteristics of collaboration and relationships with collaboration and coordination can be seen in **Figure 3**).

In the context of this research, coordination between institutions in producing and managing spatial data and information is able to integrate, synchronize, and carry out tasks in a sustainable manner to realize the strengthening of safeguarding state unity and sovereignty through effective and efficient marine governance.
