**7. Role of biosecurity in livestock farming**

Biosecurity at the farm level involves all the steps taken to limit the entry of pathogens and the spread of disease at the farm. Biosecurity applies to both contact of farm animals with other live animal and indirect contact with any contaminated vehicle or equipment [30]. External biosecurity measures are those that are used to decrease the chances of entry of pathogens into a farm. Internal biosecurity includes steps taken to prevent the spread of disease to healthy animals within a farm from diseased animals [31].

Enforcement of biosecurity at every farm and country border is a global responsibility for combating threats like food security and animal and human diseases. Good farm biosecurity can play a vital role in minimizing the outbreaks of both endemic and exotic diseases [32].

Farm biosecurity is based on four principles. The first is limiting the introduction of new animals in the herd and adopting quarantine measures. The second biosecurity principle is controlled movements of people and vehicle and equipment hygiene. The provision of feed and water that is free from pathogenic contamination is the third principle. The fourth principle is the regular vaccination of animals against endemic diseases along with accurate surveillance and reporting of transboundary animal diseases [33].

### **8. Conclusion**

Animal health is directly linked to food security. Now the world should accept the fact that animal diseases are not a problem of any specific country or region, rather they are global issues. Developing countries should adopt the international standard for the trade of animals and augment the disease surveillance system. For a better future of the world, decision-makers should turn their attention toward the food-producing system and epizootics.
