**Abstract**

Rapidly, relevantly, and efficiently toxicity assessment is the basis of continuous investigation and control of environmental contaminants. *Artemia* sp. is usually used as a biological model in cost-efficient bioassays under laboratory conditions to determine toxicity based on its advantageous properties of rapid hatching, easy accessibility, and sensitivity to toxic substances. The three sensitive endpoints of acute mortality, acute cyst hatchability, as well as behavioral response (such as swimming speed) are commonly used as evaluation criteria. The establishment of international standards for toxicity assessment of *Artemia* spp. is necessary. Further research is needed to obtain valuable insights from a biological perspective and for bio-conservation purposes.

**Keywords:** *Artemia*, toxicity assessment, mortality, hatchability, swimming speed
