Meet the editors

Leticia B. A. Rangel, Pharm.D., Ph.D., is a Full Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, as well as a member of the Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO and the Biochemistry and Pharmacology Program at the Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES). As the Head of the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Human Cancer, she coordinates projects on ovarian and breast cancers, with emphasis on the cellular and

molecular mechanisms of these diseases, the development of biotechnology products and processes, and the discovery of new anticancer molecules. Her scientific network includes the Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), the Division of Clinical Research of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, The Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio (USA), the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center (USA), and the Department of Pathology at the John Hopkins University (USA), as well as the private sector. Aside from papers published in international journals, and ongoing patent negotiations, she has been awarded by the Brazilian government in recognition to her contribution in cancer research.

Hephzibah Kirubamani was a former Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanley Medical College, Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, since 2006. She was Superintendent of the Government R.S.R.M. Maternity Hospital attached to Stanley Medical College. At present she is a Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saveetha Medical

College, SIMATS. She has been teaching undergraduate and postgraduate medical students for 30 years and is an examiner in various universities. She is guiding PhD scholars at Saveetha University, SIMATS. She was instrumental in the Fellowship Programme in Foetal Medicine at Stanley Medical College in 2011. Her field of interest is high-risk pregnancy, emergency obstetrics, and menopause. She has authored the book "Undergraduate Clinical Manual on Obstetrics & Gynaecology" and published many articles in national and international journals. She was a Member of the Academic Council of T.N. Dr.M.G.R. Medical University (2007), Academic Council Member of Saveetha University (2012–2015), and Research Committee Member—India Clen – (2007), Menatshi Medical College (2008), and Indian Menopause Society (2018–2019). She is currently a member and secretary of the Institutional Review Board, Saveetha University. She is past President of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Society of Southern India, and currently Vice President of the Chennai Menopause Society.

Ian Victor Silva Pharm.D., Ph.D, is a former Associate Professor of the Morphology Department, as well as a member of the Biotechnology/RENORBIO and Biochemistry and Pharmacology Programs of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Espírito Santo where he served as the Head of the Laboratory of Cell Biology of Aging, where he developed studies related to diseases associated with aging in women, such as breast, ovariContents

Types of Cancer

*and Shaker A. Mousa*

*and Suhas T. Mhaske*

to Decline of Life

Symptoms of Menopause *by Shaikh Zinnat Ara Nasreen*

*by Manuela Cristina Russu*

*by Hasan Çilgin*

in Menopausal Women

*Xiaopan Chen and Jing Shu*

Bone Tumors: Types and Treatments

*by Elena N. Usoltseva and Marina V. Danilova*

Estrogens and Vaginal Micronized Progesterone

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 35**

**Chapter 4 47**

**Chapter 5 55**

**Chapter 6 87**

**Chapter 7 97**

Role of Pineal Hormone Melatonin in a Woman's Life: From Conception

Endometrial Histology and Safety on Non-Oral Routes of Hormone Therapy for Perimenopausal/Early Menopausal Women: Transdermal

The Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms in Patients Diagnosed with Gynecologic Cancer

Ovarian Hormonal Change-Related Energy Metabolism and Obesity

*by Jing Zhu, Mengxia Ji, Lili Xing, Zhizhi Yu, Xiaoyan Guo,* 

Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy in Patients with Various

*by Aleck Hercbergs, Paul J. Davis, Hung-Yun Lin, Kelly A. Keating* 

*by Geetanjali B. Tomar, Jay R. Dave, Sayali S. Chandekar* 

an, and uterine cancers; Alzheimer's disease; obesity; and osteoporosis. The aim of the referred projects was to develop biotechnological strategies to overcome these diseases, seeking to identify diagnostic, risk, and/or prognostic biomarkers. His scientific network includes Brazilian institutions (INCa, UFRJ, UFSCar, UFRN, UNESP) and foreign institutions (Technion, La Sabana University, The Johns Hopkins University and UTHSCSA). Moreover, he serves as a peer-reviewer in national (RENORBIO, DECIT-SUS, FAPDF, FAPES) and international institutions (Alzheimer's Association).

Dr. Paulo Cilas M. Lyra-Jr. is a professor of pharmacology at the Faculty of Education and Environment, Brazil. He obtained his PhD in 2018 from the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil. He worked in collaboration with large consortia, including the NIH-funded Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON) consortium, on functional analysis of GWAS hits. He contributed to the functional dissection of the molec-

ular underpinnings of ovarian susceptibility loci, applying molecular techniques, cutting-edge next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis to map the regulatory landscape at the 8q21 locus. The results were published in *Nature Genetics* (*Nat Genet*. 2019 May;51:815–823). He also contributed to the functional analysis of estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer risk locus (*Nat Genet*. 2017 May;49(5):680– 691).
