**Author details**

Manuela Cristina Russu "Dr. I. Cantacuzino" Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

\*Address all correspondence to: manuela\_russu@yahoo.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**77**

*Endometrial Histology and Safety on Non-Oral Routes of Hormone Therapy...*

management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms. International Journal of General Medicine.

[10] Simon JA, ESTRASORB Study Group. Estradiol in micellar nanoparticles: The efficacy and safety of a novel transdermal drug-delivery technology in the management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms. Menopause.

2010;**3**:147-151

2006;**13**(2):222-231

05.008

[11] Valenzuela P, Simon JA.

[12] Gleason CE, Carlsson CM, Johnson S, Atwood C, Asthana S. Clinical pharmacology and differential

cognitive efficacy of estrogen preparation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2005;**1052**:93-115

[14] Kopper WN, Gudman J,

2008;**2**:193-202

[13] Campagnoli C, Ambroggio S, Biglia N, Sismondi P. Conjugated estrogens and breast cancer risk. Gynecological Endocrinology. 1999;**13**(Suppl 6):13-19

Thompson JD. Transdermal hormone therapy in postmenopausal women: A review of metabolic effects and drug delivery technologies. Drug Design, Development and Therapy.

[15] Cintron D, Lipford M, Larrea-Mantilla L, Spencer-Bonilla G,

Lloyd R, Gionfriddo MR, et al. Efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality: Systematic review and metaanalysis. Endocrine. 2017;**55**(3):702-711

[16] Fait T, Fialova A, Pastor Z. The use of estradiol metered-dose transdermal spray in clinical practice. Climacteric.

2018 Dec;**21**(6):549-553. DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1504916

Nanoparticle delivery for transdermal HRT. Nanomedicine. 2012;**8**(Suppl 1): S83-S89. DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89046*

[1] Harlow DS, Gass M, Hall EJ, Lobo R, Maki P, Rebar WR, et al. For the STRAW +10. Executive summary of the stages of reproductive aging workshop +10. Addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2012;**97**(2):1159-1168. DOI:

[2] Santoro N. Perimenopause: From research to practice. Journal of Women's Health. 2016;**25**(4):332-339. DOI:

[3] Santoro N, Chervenak JL. The menopause transition. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 2004;**33**(4):627-636

[4] Lobo AR. Where are we 10 years after the Women's Health Initiative? The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2013;**98**(5):1771-1780

[5] Nelson HD. Commonly used types of postmenopausal estrogen for treatment of hot flashes: Scientific review. JAMA.

[6] Carroll N. A review of transdermal

[7] Manson JE. The role of personalized medicine in identifying appropriate candidates for menopausal estrogen therapy. Metabolism. 2013;**62**(Suppl 1): S15-S19. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.

[8] Henzi MR. Optimizing delivery of therapeutics: Percutaneous technologies. Bratislavské Lekárske Listy. 2002;**103**(4-5):144-151

[9] Egras AM, Umland EM. The role of transdermal estrogen sprays and estradiol topical emulsion in the

nonpatch estrogen therapy for the management of menopausal symptoms. Journal of Women's Health.

2010;**19**(1):47-55. DOI: 10.1089/

**References**

10.1210/jc.2011-3362

10.1089/jwh.2015.5556

2004;**291**(13):1610-1620

jwh.2008.120

08.015

*Endometrial Histology and Safety on Non-Oral Routes of Hormone Therapy... DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89046*
