Prevention of Acute Diarrhea

*Perspective of Recent Advances in Acute Diarrhea*

[56] Rouf R et al. Anti-diarrhoeal effects of *Diospyros peregrina* in the castor oilinduced diarrhoea model in mice. ARS

[65] Bose A, Sahoo M, Ray SD. In vivo evaluation of anti-diarrheal activity of the rhizome of *Nymphaea alba* (Nymphaeaceae). Oriental

2012;**12**(2):129-134

Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine.

[66] Mukherjee K et al. Antidiarrhoeal

evaluation of *Nelumbo nucifera* rhizome extract. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 1995;**27**(4):262

[67] Afroz S et al. Antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of *Paederia foetida* Linn.(Rubiaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology.

[68] Mbagwu H, Adeyemi O. Antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous extract of *Mezoneuron benthamianum* Baill *(Caesalpiniaceae)*. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2008;**116**(1):16-20

[69] Shamkuwar PB, Shahi SR, Jadhav ST. Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal effect of Black pepper (*Piper nigrum* L.). Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research.

[70] Saifiddin Khalid M, Jinesh kumar S, Suresh DK, Kumar R. Evaluation of an anti-diarrhoeal potential of ethanolic extract of *Mimosa pudica* leaves. IJGP.

activity of *Cyperus rotundus*. Fitoterapia.

[71] Uddin S et al. Antidiarrhoeal

2006;**105**(1-2):125-130

2012;**2**(1):48-53

2011;**5**(1):75-78

2006;**77**(2):134-136

Pharmaceutica. 2006;**47**:81-89

[57] Lutterodt GD. Inhibition of Microlax-induced experimental diarrhoea with narcotic-like extracts of *Psidium guajava* leaf in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1992;**37**(2):151-157

[58] Rohini R, Das A. Antidiarrheal and anti inflammatory activities of lupeol, quercetin, β-sitosterol, adene-5-en-3-ol and caffeic acid isolated from *Rhizophora mucronata* bark. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 2010;**2**(5):95-101

[59] Maniyar Y, Bhixavatimath P, Agashikar N. Antidiarrheal activity of flowers of *Ixora Coccinea* Linn. in rats. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative

Medicine. 2010;**1**(4):287

[60] Lakshminarayana M et al. Antidiarrhoeal activity of leaf extract of *Moringa oleifera* in experimentally induced diarrhoea in rats. International Journal of Phytomedicine. 2011;**3**(1):68

[61] Rahman T et al. Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of cardamom

[62] Balakrishnan N et al. Antidiarrhoeal

potential of *Mimosa pudica* root extracts. Indian Journal of Natural Products. 2006;**22**(2):21-23

[63] Alam MA et al. Antidiarrhoeal property of the hydroethanolic extract of the flowering tops of *Anthocephalus* 

[64] Agbor GA, Léopold T, Jeanne NY.

*cadamba*. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2008;**18**(2):155-159

The antidiarrhoeal activity of *Alchornea cordifolia* leaf extract. Phytotherapy Research.

2004;**18**(11):873-876

(*Elettaria cardamomum*) on mice models. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine.

2008;**8**:130-134

**66**

**Chapter 5**

**Abstract**

*Arbianingsih Tiro*

model in preventing diarrhea.

health education, preschoolers

**1. Introduction**

**69**

Health Education to Prevent

Preschoolers are the second largest group suffering from diarrhea. Numerous studies have identified poor community hygiene and health practices contributing as causes of diarrhea, making it necessary to teach children healthy behavior for prevention. Healthy behavior can reduce the risk of diarrhea by 36–48%. Unfortunately, health education is commonly given to parents, but it is limited for children. Preschool is a period of transition from parental control to self-control. This period is also the best time to build concepts and ideas with constant reason. Applying an important concept for healthy behavior in this period will help to develop a child's mindset in the future to prevent diarrhea. Health education to prevent diarrhea is pivotal to identify health behavior of preschoolers. When preschoolers' health behavior has been identified, then it can be used to design an effective education

**Keywords:** diarrhea prevention, educational game, healthy behavior,

world is pneumonia by 18% and diarrhea by 15% [3].

One of the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2030 is the third goal of reducing child mortality. It is estimated that around 5.9 million children under age five died in 2015 due to preventable diseases [1]. Southeast Asia is the third place for the highest child mortality in the world after sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Among ASEAN countries, Indonesia ranks fourth for the highest under-five mortality rate [2]. The most common cause of death of children under five in the

The main factor causing diarrhea is the effect of poor living behavior in the community. The longitudinal study conducted by Santos et al. in preschool children with diarrhea in Brazil found that the duration's determinant of diarrhea was the low ability of the community (low family purchasing power) caused by environmental conditions and children's characteristics and clean behavior [4]. Furthermore, in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, an effective method is selective eating and maintaining personal hygiene [5]. The study conducted by Kariuki et al. in Turkana district, Kenya, found that hygiene and sanitation interventions could reduce the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five from 91.3 to 78.3% [6]. There are several behaviors that can contribute to the incidence of diarrhea, including handwashing with soap, unhealthy snack behavior, and the habit of cutting nails and biting fingers [7, 8]. Those behaviors can contribute to intestinal infections which is one of the causes of diarrhea. Both hands are also the main

Diarrhea in Preschoolers

### **Chapter 5**
