*4.3.2 Fortification*

 Fortified foods have been a common intervention globally in combating multiple nutrient deficiencies. The effectiveness of fortification-based intervention is highly dependent on few factors. These include the fortified food vehicle that are widely consumed by high-risk groups, incurs minimal cost and is of a high quality along with centralised processing and distribution [53]. Comparatively, preventive measure via food fortification is much more beneficial and effective than either dietary diversification or vitamin A capsule distribution. Numerous food sources have been subjected to fortification, and these range from oils, flours, cereals, rice, infant formula and also beverages. As such, fortification relates to exploitation of current fortified food consumption patterns towards enhancing vitamin A status [53].

#### *4.3.3 Supplementation*

Vitamin A supplementation at high dosage is the most widely practiced prevention measures throughout the world. The supplementation is channelled on

 an interval basis with a designated duration. This mode of prevention comprises community involvement and efforts to provide vitamin A supplements to nutritionally vulnerable groups, especially preschool children and mothers. The rationale for high-dose supplementation of vitamin A is based on the assumption that this fat-soluble compound will be stored in the liver and is released together with the transport proteins as per body tissue requirement [53].
