Section 3 Life Quality in Clefts

*Current Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate*

surgical outcomes in patients with and without craniofacial anomalies. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

[85] Lonic D, Pai BC-J,

2016;**11**(3):e0152014

Yamaguchi K, Chortrakarnkij P, Lin H-H, Lo L-J. Computer-assisted orthognathic surgery for patients with cleft lip/palate: From traditional planning to three-dimensional surgical simulation. PLoS One.

[79] Junior OH, Guijarro-Martínez R, de Sousa Gil A, da Silva Meirelles L, de Oliveira R, Hernandez-Alfaro F. Stability and surgical complications in segmental Le fort I osteotomy: A systematic review. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

[80] Ohrmann D, Hoyte-Williams PE, Chen PK-T. Update on complications in cleft orthognathic surgery. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 2018;**26**(4):260-265

[81] Kim Y-K. Complications associated with orthognathic surgery. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2017;**43**(1):3-15

[82] Landes CA, Stübinger S, Rieger J, Williger B, Ha TKL, Sader R. Critical evaluation of piezoelectric osteotomy in orthognathic surgery: Operative technique, blood loss, time requirement, nerve and vessel integrity. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

[83] Verweij J, Mensink G, Fiocco M, van Merkesteyn J. Incidence and recovery of neurosensory disturbances after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy in different age groups: A retrospective study of 263 patients. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016;**45**(7):898-903

[84] Pagotto LEC, de Santana Santos T,

Martins-Filho PRS. Piezoelectric versus

de Vasconcellos SJA, Santos JS,

conventional techniques for orthognathic surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery.

2017;**45**(10):1607-1613

2018;**76**(2):436. e1-e8

2017;**46**(9):1071-1087

2008;**66**(4):657-674

**82**

**85**

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

category of patients.

**1. Introduction**

triangular cartilages).

of life" (QoL).

burden [1].

Quality of Life in Adolescents with

*Latifa Elmouden, Fatima Zahra Elgasmi and Lahcen Ousehal*

The cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the second most common congenital anomaly in the world; therefore, understanding the quality of life in children and adolescents with this malformation is extremely important. The study of the quality of life in this population is based on how the patient feels about his condition and how it affects his general well-being depending on the problems he may encounter concerning bone growth, phonation, speaking, facial appearance, and social relationship. As part of a descriptive survey, the aim was to assess and study the quality of life of patients with labio-palatal clefts operated and undergoing medical management, as well as the quality of life perceived by their parents to evaluate the family impact of this dysmorphia. According to the studies, teenagers had the lowest quality of life rates in the items: physical appearance and self-esteem, so the psychological support for patients and their families with multidisciplinary treatment that meets standards, are the keys to improving the quality of life of this

**Keywords:** quality of life, adolescents, cleft lip and palate, self-esteem, parents

Cleft lip and cleft palate are facial anomalies and are the most common congenital anomalies that affect the orofacial region and remain a significant public health

Orofacial clefts (CL/P) commonly affect the lip, alveolar ridge, and hard and soft palates. Problems associated with these anomalies are dental problems, maloc-

Thus, any difference in those structures is noticeable and may cause some difficulties in the relationship field. In fact, the face is the front by which every human

Such deformation causes in humans a change in its well-being, autonomy, own world, expectations, and social insertion, which are parts of the concept of "quality

In the book "bec-du-lievre" ("harelip"): Clinical Forms-Surgery (1938) of Victor Veau, the presence of a cleft lip is stated by the absence of contacts between the external muscles and the inner verge [3]. This has the effect of destabilizing the anatomy of the nose (deformation of the alar cartilages, the nasal septum, and

clusion, nasal deformity, feeding, and ear and speech difficulties [2].

being is presented and communicates with others.

Cleft Lip and Palate
