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## Meet the editor

Professor Hassan S. Abduljabbar, MD, FRCSC, American Board Diplomat, is a professor of the Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, and President of the Saudi Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. He graduated from King Abdulaziz University, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in June 1980, with an MD degree (overall grade: excellent secondary honor). He obtained his FRCS(C) degree at the Royal

College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in November 1986 after 4 years of training at the University of Western Ontario. Then, in December 1988, he obtained American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology certification. He was Chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and is now President of the Saudi Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. He is a referee of many international scientific medical journals. He is an examiner of master's degrees and PhD degrees as well as a member of the Saudi and Arabia board of examination. He writes weekly scientific subjects in local newspapers (Al Bilad). His publications in local and international journals exceed 50 articles, and he is the editor of two books—Steroid Basics (Open Access Books—IntechOpen) and Steroid Clinical (Open Access Books—IntechOpen)—and the author of a 100 Multiple-Choice Questions book for medical students. He has published four books in the Arabic, Aafaq 1 and 2, stem cell and breast cancer medical subject for nonmedical personal (in Arabic, 2006).

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

*and Ciprian Ilea*

Uterine Fibroid Embolization

Uterine Fibroids: Clinical Presentation *by Felix J.M. Oindi and Mukaindo A. Mwaniki*

*by Chrisostomos Sofoudis*

Bizarre Leiomyoma of the Uterus: Therapeutic Mapping

Different Surgical Techniques for Management of Leiomyoma

*by Razvan Socolov, Ioana Pavaleanu, Demetra Socolov, Mona Akad* 

*by Hassan S.O. Abduljabbar and Abdullah K. Agabawi*

New Hysteroscopic Approaches to Uterine Fibroids

*by Said Izreig, Arash Fereydooni and Naiem Nassiri*

**Preface III**

Clinical Presentation **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 7**

Management **15**

**Chapter 3 17**

**Chapter 4 23**

**Chapter 5 35**

### Contents


Preface

This book introduces an important subject, and aims to explore one of the most common pathologic abnormalities of the female genital tract: leiomyoma of the

The occurrence of uterine leiomyoma increases with age, is found in 20–50% of women older than 30 years, but is rare in children and post-menopausal women.

Uterine leiomyoma results in masses associated with a variety of gynecologic problems, the most prominent of which are asymptomatic pelvic mass and abnormal

The majority of women are asymptomatic, but may suffer pain and heavy vaginal bleeding, or have other urinary symptoms. Uterine fibroids can also cause sexual

Diagnosis by clinical history and physical examination, pelvic examination, ultra-

Major complications can occur if the uterine fibroids are caused by iron deficiency due to heavy monthly blood loss, which can cause fatigue, and sometimes transfu-

Fibroids may or may not interfere with fertility and pregnancy. However, submuco-

Fibroids may also raise the risk of pregnancy complications, such as fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, and placental abruption. Red degeneration of fibroids

Can fibroids be prevented? Researchers have admitted that little scientific evidence is available on how to prevent fibroids. Uterine fibroids may be prevented, and only

Healthy lifestyle choices, such as maintaining a normal weight and eating fruits and

Research suggests that using hormonal contraceptives may be associated with a

dysfunction and dyspareunia, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss.

(obesity), and may be related to diet especially eating meat.

sal fibroids could cause infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss.

during pregnancy can cause severe abdominal pain.

a small percentage of these tumors require treatment.

vegetables, may be able to decrease the risk of having fibroids.

sound pelvis and CT scan, and MRI are helpful.

sion is needed due to severe anemia.

lower risk of fibroids.

The etiology of uterine fibroids is unclear, but may be a hormone-related or estrogen-dependent disease. Risk factors include race, age, genetics, and high BMI

uterus, which is a benign tumor of the smooth muscle.

vaginal bleeding.
