**6. Conclusions**

In this chapter, the preparation, characterization, and applications of naphthalene-based carbonaceous mesophase are reviewed. With the continuous advancement of preparation techniques and characterization methods, the understanding of the molecular structure, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, aggregation texture, and rheology property of mesophase liquid crystals will be deepened, and finally the comprehensive understanding of the carbonaceous mesophase (including the formation mechanism, molecular dynamic law and highefficiency control) from molecular and micro and macro scales could be realized, which will maximize the performance of carbonaceous mesophase-derived carbon products with desirable performance, multi-versatility, and high added value, thus to promote the theoretical foundation of carbonaceous mesophase and accelerate its broad applications in various fields.
