Key Factors for Colorectal Cancer Prevention

**6**

*Multidisciplinary Approach for Colorectal Cancer*

[1] Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Ahnen DJ, Meester RGS, Barzi A, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2017;**67**:177-193. DOI: 10.3322/

[2] Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2018;**68**:394-424. DOI:

caac.21395

**References**

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nyas.12811

[3] Siddiqui IA, Sanna V,

Ahmad N, Sechi M, Mukhtar H.

[4] Tariq K, Ghias K. Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: A review of mechanisms. Cancer Biol Med. 2016;**13**:120-35. DOI: 10.28092/j. issn.2095-3941.2015.0103

[5] Augestad KM, Lindsetmo RO, Stulberg J, Reynolds H, Senagore A, Champagne B, et al. International preoperative rectal cancer management: Staging, neoadjuvant treatment, and impact of multidisciplinary teams. World Journal of Surgery. 2010;**34**:

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Resveratrol nanoformulation for cancer prevention and therapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2015;**1348**:20-31. DOI: 10.1111/

**9**

**Chapter 2**

**Abstract**

Effectivity and Modulating

Supplementation

*Susanna Maria Kassier*

sible for CRC causation or protection.

**1. Introduction**

Pathways for the Prevention of

Colorectal Cancer: Diet, Body

Fatness, Physical Activity, and

The global prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the highest in high-income countries. However, a rapid increase in prevalence is starting to emerge in many low-income and middle-income countries. This phenomenon is thought to be related to the adoption of a Western lifestyle, characterized by a lack of physical activity, the consumption of refined cereals, as well as highly processed foods. Other characteristics include a reduction in fruit and vegetable intake with a concomitant increase in the consumption of foods that are energy dense, but lacking in micronutrients. Coupled to the above dietary and lifestyle changes is the advent of an increased prevalence of body fatness and central obesity, as well as a dietary intake that lends itself to increasing the risk of developing CRC. As there are observed inconsistencies when appraising the effectivity of dietary and lifestyle-cancer relationships, this chapter will provide an overview of the current body of evidence regarding the role of diet and proxies for lifestyle in terms of their preventative or causative roles in the development of CRC. In addition, the strength of scientific evidence will be alluded to, as well as the modulating pathways respon-

**Keywords:** alcohol, body fatness, colorectal cancer, dairy products, diet, dietary fiber,

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for about 1.4 million new cases and almost 700,000 deaths in 2012 [1]. Its disease burden is expected to increase by 60%, resulting in over 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million cancer deaths by 2030 [2]. The distribution of CRC burden varies widely across regions, as more than two-thirds of all cases and about 60% of all deaths occur in countries with a high or very high Human Development Index [1]. However, CRC is considered to be one of the strongest indicators of the global cancer transition, as countries undergoing rapid social and economic transition

fruits, vegetables, physical activity, processed meat, red meat, supplements
