**2.7 Alcoholic beverages**

Alcoholic beverages contain ethanol that is formed during fermentation. In epidemiological studies, exposure to alcoholic beverages is examined by measures such as drinking or not, the number of drinks/glasses or 10 g units consumed per day or per week [7]. Concerning CRC associations, the evidence is considered to be convincing in men and probable in women [7, 33], as there is convincing evidence that the consumption of approximately two or more alcoholic drinks per day (30 g) increases the risk of CRC with a significant risk being observed for colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer [8]. An intake of 30 g per day is associated with a 16% increase in CRC risk, whereas an intake of 45 g per day increases the risk by 41% [34], suggesting a doseresponse relationship in which the higher the intake, the higher the risk [33].
