**Author details**

Panagiotis Tsikouras1 \*, Theodora Deftereou1,3, Xanthoula Anthoulaki1 , Anastasia Bothou1 , Anna Chalkidou1 , Fotini Gaitatzi1 , Ioannis Tsirkas1 , Arsou Chalil Bourazan1 , Eirini Bampageorgaka1 , George Stanulov1 , Elefterios Chatzimichael1 , Spyridon Michalopoulos1 , Panagiotis Petsidis2 , Georgios Iatrakis4 , Stefanos Zervoudis2 , Maria Lambropoulou3 , Werner Rath1,5 and Georgios Galazios1

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece

2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rea Hospital, Athens, Greece

3 Department of Histology-Embryology, University Hospital Alexandroupolis, Greece

4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of West Attica, Greece

5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Germany, Germany

\*Address all correspondence to: ptsikour@med.duth.gr

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**79**

4 July 2012

*Abortions in First Trimester Pregnancy, Management, Treatment*

[8] Stephenson MD. Frequency of factors associated with habitual abortion in 197 couples. Fertility and

and Sterility. 2006;**86**(5 Suppl 1):

[10] Nybo Andersen AM, Wohlfahrt J, Christens P, Olsen J, Melbye M. Maternal age and fetal loss: Population based register linkage study. British Medical Journal. 2000;**320**(7251):1708-1712

[11] Toth B, Würfel W, Bohlmann M, Zschocke J, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Nawroth F, et al. Recurrent miscarriage: Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-level, AWMF registry number 015/050). Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. 2018;**78**(4):364-381. DOI: 10.1055/a-0586-4568. Epub: 27

[12] Toth B, Würfel W, Bohlmann MK, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Nawroth F, Rogenhofer N, et al. Miscarriage: Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Guideline of the DGGG (S1-level, AWMF registry No. 015/050, December 2013). Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. 2015;**75**(11):1117-1129

[13] Preisler J, Kopeika J, Ismail L, Vathanan V, Farren J, Abdallah Y, et al. Defining safe criteria to diagnose miscarriage: Prospective observational multicentre study. British Medical Journal. 2015;**351**:h4579. DOI: 10.1136/

[14] Bourne T, Bottomley C. When is a pregnancy nonviable and what criteria should be used to define miscarriage? Fertility and Sterility. 2012;**98**(5):1091-1096. DOI: 10.1016/j.

fertnstert.2012.09.017

[9] Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Aging and infertility in women. Fertility

Sterility. 1996;**66**(1):24-29

S248-S252

April 2018

bmj.h4579

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86194*

[2] Hatasaka HH. Recurrent miscarriage: Epidemiologic factors, definitions, and incidence. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994;**37**(3):625-634

[3] Hilden J, Modvig J, Damsgaard MT,

presence of induced abortions. Statistics

[4] Modvig J, Schmidt L, Damsgaard MT.

Schmidt L. Estimation of the spontaneous abortion risk in the

in Medicine. 1991;**10**(2):285-297

Measurement of total risk of spontaneous abortion: The virtue of conditional risk estimation. American Journal of Epidemiology.

[5] Lathi RB, Gray Hazard FK, Heerema-McKenney A, Taylor J, Chueh JT. First trimester miscarriage evaluation. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2011;**29**(6):463-469. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1293200. Epub: 8

[6] Lund M, Kamper-Jørgensen M, Nielsen HS, Lidegaard Ø, Andersen AM,

Christiansen OB. Prognosis for live birth in women with recurrent miscarriage: What is the best measure of success? Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012;**119**(1):37-43. DOI: 10.1097/

AOG.0b013e31823c0413

[7] Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: A committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility. 2012;**98**(5):1103-1111. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.048. Epub:

1990;**132**(6):1021-1038

December 2011

[1] Brezina PR, Kutteh WH. Classic and cutting-edge strategies for the management of early pregnancy loss. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2014;**41**(1):1-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2013.10.011. Epub: 12

**References**

December 2013

*Abortions in First Trimester Pregnancy, Management, Treatment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86194*
