**8.9 Why LH rise may result in abortion**


## **8.10 Role of androgen abortion**


#### **8.11 Endometrium**


#### **8.12 Hyperinsulinemia: abortion**

Preimplantation environment is affected by decreasing:


#### **8.13 PCO—abortion: thrombophilia**

Plasminogen activator inhibitor gene (PAI-1) activity (i.e., hypofibrinolysis) is elevated in PCO.

Metformin reduces gene activity from 42.5 to 12.4 U/ml, that is, correct tendency for thrombosis which improves uteroplacental flow.

**69**

*Abortions in First Trimester Pregnancy, Management, Treatment*

PAI-1 activity fell 44% in women with live births. PAI-1 activity increased 19% in women with abortion.

2.Glycodelin and IGF-1 protein expression is corrected

induces hypofibrinolytic activity) [60–68].

1.Obesity very probably implicated

are influenced by metformin

4.Endometrial factor probable

5.Oocyte factor probable

6.PAI-1 factor probable

mainly the RPL rate [60–68].

factors

**12. Infections**

trypanosomiasis.

3.The role of LH needs to be elucidated

trimester miscarriages remains unclear [69–74].

**10. Pregnancy loss and possible beneficial effects of metformin**

3.Glycodelin inhibits endometrial immune response to the embryo

4.IGF-1 improves the adhesion process at the fetomaternal interface

**11. The prevalence of abortion in PCO is probably elevated**

5.Hypofibrinolytic activity is reduced by decreased PAI-1 activity (which

2.Insulin resistance probably but may INDIRECTLY affect the parameters which

7.Further prospective studies needed to elucidate the significance of these

Usually, women with PCOS require different treatments due to variety of reasons so we can use metformin, diet and infertility drugs. Therapeutic management combines normalization of weight and administration of metformin to reduce

Any infection with high fever can lead to miscarriage rubella virus, cytomegalovirus passing the placenta and affecting the fetus, malaria, mycoplasma, and

Several studies have confirmed the role of infections as a cause of miscarriage especially in the second trimester of pregnancy; however, their role in the first

1.Decreased levels of androgen may improve endometrial function; IR resistance

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86194*

**9. Metformin treatment**

is decreased
