Meet the editor

Ran Pang is a consultant urologist and lead in functional urology, and urodynamics at Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. After completing residency training, he was accepted to a clinical fellowship with Peking University. Subsequently, he joined a research fellowship at Mayo Clinic, USA, and an urodynamic fellowship in Dalhousie University, Canada. As a leading expert, Dr Pang has published over 40

papers and authored 12 chapters. Moreover, he serves on over 20 academic organizations, such as chair of publication and communication committee, International Continence Society, and vice chair of Pelvic Floor Disorder Group of Urology Committee, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine. Additionally, he was nominated as a winner of the Albert Nelson Lifetime Achievement award in 2017.

Contents

**Section 1**

at a Glance *by Ran Pang*

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

*and Natalia M. Martins*

*by Priyanka Bhadana*

Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions

*and Akosua Asafu-Adjaye Frimpong*

**Preface III**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Assessment **9**

**Chapter 2 11**

**Chapter 3 25**

**Chapter 4 39**

Management **51**

**Chapter 5 53**

**Chapter 6 73**

Introductory Chapter: Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Examination and Assessment

*by George Asafu Adjaye Frimpong, Evans Aboagye* 

Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Proteomics Overview *by Goran Mitulović, Thomas Mohr and Marianne Koch*

Advances in Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children *by Bingying Zhou, Jianxin Lu, Peiqi Shi and Yifang An*

*by Francisco E. Martins, Pedro Simoes de Oliveira* 

Historical Perspective and Innovations in Penile Urethroplasty

Diagnostic Potential of Imaging Modalities in the Assessment of

### Contents


#### **Chapter 7 109**

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) and Sexual Function and Dysfunction *by Charalampos Konstantinidis, Ioannis Eleftheropoulos and Achileas Karafotias*

Preface

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is an umbrella diagnosis that covers the abnormalities of anatomy and function in the bladder, urethra, and, in men, the prostate. People with LUTD face a number of social, mental, and physical health effects due to the symptoms. Despite the increasing evidence in the assessment and management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), it remains a challenge to bridge the gap between research evidence and clinical practice. In this book, the authors demonstrate their understanding of how to apply the evidence to clinical

Based on epidemiological evidence, LUTS are heterogeneous between men and women, which is ascribed to the anatomical difference in the urethra between genders. Generally, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common cause for elderly women to experience LUTS, while benign prostatic hyperplasia is the common cause for elderly men. Accurate evaluation and classification of POP is an important part of physical examination, which is certainly helpful for the development of a therapeutic strategy. Dr Priyanka Bhadana illustrates the assessment approaches of POP. This chapter includes many pictures that will help the readers understand POP.

Besides physical examination, urodynamic study has been playing an important role in the accurate assessment of LUTD. However, the majority of patients tend to prefer a noninvasive assessment compared to invasive urodynamics. Dr George Asafu Adjaye Frimpong and his colleagues present the infeasibility in using imaging modalities, including MRI, CT scan, ultrasound, PET, and fMRI, to assess the function of the lower urinary tract, instead of urodynamics. Not only are the innovative imaging techniques introduced, but also the advantages of each imaging modality for diagnosis of LUTD is interpreted in detail. Although these imaging modalities may not replace urodynamics completely, these approaches can be a substitute for urodynamics and provide useful information for clinicians.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is one of the most common storage LUTS in females. Although the mid-urethral sling results in therapeutic success, it is still unclear how to predict the risk of SUI for individuals. Goran Mitulović introduces an innovative approach to detect potential SUI using proteomic analysis of the urine protein. Once a specific population group susceptible to SUI is identified, active surveillance could be provided as early as possible. In addition, behavior therapy, pelvic floor muscle training, and biofeedback, as a prevention strategy, may also be

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common condition in children. In general, the pathogenesis of NE mainly includes nocturnal polyuria, bladder capacity decline during nighttime, and arousal disorder. With the development of pharmacotherapy, a number of medications can be used to solve these problems. However, how to accurately assess and achieve precision medicine for each patient is still not easy. To help readers develop a proper therapeutic strategy for children with NE, Dr Zhou and her colleagues present current evidence in management of NE. Besides modern medicine, the complementary and alternative medicine approaches are also

practice from different aspects.

considered.
