Preface

This book presents the advances, progress and current knowledge on hematologic malignancies.

Advances in Hematologic Malignancies contains 9 interesting chapters, each a separate publication that reflects each author's concept and view and concentrates on recent research on molecular pathology, genomic changes, cellular disease processes, and advances in target therapy of hematologic malignancies. There are currently numerous therapeutic options accessible to the modern hematologist and, fortunately, an extraordinarily improved viewpoint for the vast majority of patients with hematological malignancies.

The work presented in this book will be of benefit and a relevant source of knowledge for hematologists, oncologists, pathologists, researcher,s and postgraduate students in hemato-oncology. This book is written by experienced clinicians and researchers from China, Mexico, Canada,USA, Yemen, India, and Brazil.

The editor is thankful for excellent cooperation and support and regular follow up given by Ms Kristina Kardum from IntechOpen.

**II**

**Chapter 9 151**

Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

*by Omar S. Aljitawi*

**Gamal Abdul Hamid** Aden University Faculty of Medicine, Aden, Yemen

**1**

pathway analysis [4].

**Chapter 1**

**1. Introduction**

Introductory Chapter: Advances in

Hematological malignancies contain an accumulation of heterogeneous conditions, by which is commonly affect old ages, as the median age for most of these diseases all originating from cells of the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. There are three noteworthy gatherings: lymphomas, leukemia and plasma cell neoplasms. European patients with hematological malignancies have improved over the previous decade, most likely as a result of new medications, for example, imatinib

In developed countries and developing countries hematological malignancies (HMs) are differs and account about 8–9% of all cancers, being the fourth common cancer in developed countries [2]. The leukemia incidence rates are 24.5 per 100,000 is 8.8% in the US, 6.3% in Jordan, 5.4% in Egypt [3] The lymphoma incidence rate have been reported to be high in Canada (27.7%), Australia (25%) and Western Europe (17.9%), moderate (10.2%) in Middle East and Africa and low (6.5%) in East Asia [3]. While the previous 20 years witnessed an explosion in the quantity approved treatments for lymphoid and myeloid malignancies and few medications were endorsed, especially for leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma. This was astounding in light of comparable, if not more prominent, propels in the comprehension of the genetic basis and pathophysiology of hematological malignancies, which account 8–24% of every single grown-up disease [1]. The test of making an interpretation of these logical revelations into powerful treatments for patients with hematological

Hematological malignancies are heterogeneous in both clinical and biological aspects. The association of genomic profile changes associated with hematological malignancies is complex and variable including translocations, karyotypic improvements, transformations and adjustments of post-translational alteration and some genetic changes are needed, to induce the onset of disease. This proof in relationship with the development of molecular techniques has prompted an alteration of the current authoritative opinion concentrating on a solitary quality or single

The advancement in molecular biology techniques has not just permitted the individualized molecular diagnosis of hematological malignancies but have also prompted the disclosure of genetic or targeted therapeutic schemes with cytotoxic,

Utilizing karyotype analysis and the new technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), chromosomal microarrays (CMA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

Hematologic Malignancies

in chronic myeloid leukemia and rituximab in lymphomas [1].

malignancies established as an urgent unmet medical need.

**2. Molecular diagnosis in hematological malignancies**

anti-metabolic or immunomodulatory properties [4].

*Gamal Abdul Hamid and Fadhel Hariri*
