**Author details**

Raúl Sampieri-Cabrera1 \*, Gustavo López-Toledo1 , Juan Manuel Aceves-Hernández2 and Virginia Inclán-Rubio1

1 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

2 School of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, Mexico

\*Address all correspondence to: sampieri@comunidad.unam.mx

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**35**

*Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Induced by Exercise*

and catecholamine release. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 1995;**27**(8):1527-1534. DOI: 10.1016/

S0022-2828(95)90293-7

[8] Birnbaum Y, Hale SL, Kloner RA. Ischemic preconditioning at a distance: Reduction of myocardial infarct size by partial reduction of blood supply combined with rapid stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle in the rabbit. Circulation. 1997;**96**(5):1641- 1646. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.96.5.1641

[9] Hambrecht R, Adams V, Erbs S, Linke A, Kränkel N, Shu Y, et al. Regular physical activity improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease by increasing phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circulation. 2013;**107**(25):3152-3158. DOI:

10.1161/01.CIR.0000074229.93804.5C

concomitant preconditioning of aerobic exercise in chronic diabetic rats. Life Sciences. 2019;**225**:79-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.

[10] Sharma G, Sahu M, Kumar A, Sharma AK, Aeri V, Katare DP. Temporal dynamics of pre and post myocardial infarcted tissue with

[11] Wang Y, Li M, Dong F, Zhang J, Zhang F. Physical exercise-induced protection on ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2015;**8**(11):19859-19866

[12] Feng R, Cai M, Wang X, Zhang J,

combined with hydrogen-rich saline as preconditioning protects myocardial injury induced by acute myocardial infarction in rats. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2019;**187**(3):663- 676. DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2841-0

[13] Lu J, Pan S-S, Wang Q-T, Yuan Y. Alterations of cardiac KATP channels

Tian Z. Early aerobic exercise

lfs.2019.03.077

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88309*

[1] Reimer KA, Hill ML, Jennings RB. Prolonged depletion of ATP and of the adenine nucleotide pool due to delayed resynthesis of adenine nucleotides following reversible myocardial ischemic injury in dogs. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 1981;**13**(2):229-239. DOI: 10.1016/0022-2828(81)90219-4

[2] Ninomiya K, Hashida J, Geft I, Chaux E, Shell W, Fishbein MC, et al. Brief repeat periods of ischemia have a cumulative effect and may cause myocardial necrosis. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2004;**47**:445. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(81)90853-5

[3] Murry CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia: A delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation.

[4] Sakamoto J, Miura T, Tsuchida A, Fukuma T, Hasegawa T, Shimamoto K. Reperfusion arrhythmias in the murine heart: Their characteristics and alteration after ischemic preconditioning. Basic Research in Cardiology. 1999;**94**(6): 489-495. DOI: 10.1007/s003950050165

[5] Piot CA, Padmanaban D, Ursell PC, Sievers REand Wolfe CL. Ischemic preconditioning decreases apoptosis in rat hearts in vivo. Circulation

[6] Dayton C, Yamaguchi T, Warren A, Korthuis RJ. Ischemic preconditioning prevents postischemic arteriolar, capillary, and postcapillary venular dysfunction: Signaling pathways mediating the adaptive metamorphosis

Microcirculation. 2002;**9**(2):73-89. DOI:

[7] Cohen MV, Walsh RS, Goto M, Downey JM. Hypoxia preconditions rabbit myocardium via adenosine

1986;**74**(5):1124-1136

1997;(96):1598-1604

to a protected phenotype in preconditioned endothelium.

10.1038/sj.mn.7800122

**References**

*Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Induced by Exercise DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88309*
