**2. Research methodology**

An information search was carried out using the phrase "Preconditioning by exercise," in the searcher of the database SN SciGraph Data Explorer 2019 of the springernature publishing house, finding 4, 953, 141 results, distributed in: ScholarlyArticle (3226063); Chapter (1264653); MonetaryGrant (300521); Patent (137092); MedicalStudy (19868); Book (1650); Periodical (1290); Concept (843); Subject (825); Address (99); Person (76); rdf: Property (61); rdfs: Class (38); Organization (22); Organization (10); Nonprofit (5); Facility (4);

**29**

*Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Induced by Exercise*

**3. Mechanisms of exercise-induced preconditioning (EP)**

ConceptScheme (4); Company (3); Other (3); BoardingPolicyType (2); Resource (2); EventStatusType (1); GamePlayMode (1); Archive (1); Education (1); Government (1); Healthcare (1); Ontology (1). Among these results, special interest was placed on using those that were 1 year old to date (with the exception of the classic articles that are related to clinical trials). A second filter was made, selecting only those works that were directly related to cardiac tissue, skeletal muscle and physical performance. Focusing on the representative works of the area without

The different cardiac affections, including myocardial infarction and ischemic heart diseases, are the main trigger of a high worldwide mortality, which originates in the sedentary lifestyle, chronic hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis. Although vigorous exercise itself induces a temporary hypoxia that causes damage to the myocardium, EP regulates down-pathological biomarkers and increases physiologi-

cal biomarkers in both the pre-and post-myocardial infarction phase [10].

endothelial progenitor cells, collateral circulation and cardiac muscle.

The protective effects of physical exercise on the cardiovascular system are carried out on cerebral blood flow, vascular endothelium, vascular vasodilation,

Despite the traditional knowledge of the benefits of aerobic exercise in health, it has not yet been introduced in the clinical setting. Knowing the benefits of exercise in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can encourage more patients with cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction and people with high-risk factors, to accept exercise interventions for prevention and treatment, and to health professionals to include exercise therapies as adjuvants in pharmacological treatment and

It is believed that early aerobic exercise has the potential to be a precautionary strategy for myocardial injury after myocardial infarction, through the regulation of the expression of proteins related to antioxidants and proteins associated with

In the heart one of the main harmful events produced by an insult is myocardial

A mechanism of classic myocardial injury is damage by reperfusion, where, it has been reported that EP decreases oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, and increases the serum bioavailability of NO. These mechanisms are

Interestingly, KATP channel opener drugs have been linked to cardioprotective

events, where an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been reported, which downregulates the activity and expression of calcium channels in the tissue. Cardiac, which can mitigate the evolution of reperfusion damage. The positive regulation of ROS is related to the uncoupling of the respiratory chain, mainly in cardiomyocytes. Exercise, being a systemic event, activates complex mechanisms responsible for regulating body physiology, such as the vascular release of NO, which contributes to keeping the mechanical power of the heart regulated. On the other hand, as we know, an exacerbated increase in ROS, can generate tissue damage through mechanisms of cellular autophagy, so it is likely that time is a regulatory factor and of great importance in EP protocols. It is very difficult to perform an isolated study of the physiological role of EP, physiology seen as a complex

injury. Where, the protective role of EP has been reported, through the down

regulation of KATP channels and the reduction of autophagy [13].

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88309*

ruling out negative or contradictory results.

**3.1 About the cardiovascular system**

even as independent therapies [11].

regulated by the GSK-3β pathway [14].

mitochondria [12].

*Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Induced by Exercise DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88309*

ConceptScheme (4); Company (3); Other (3); BoardingPolicyType (2); Resource (2); EventStatusType (1); GamePlayMode (1); Archive (1); Education (1); Government (1); Healthcare (1); Ontology (1). Among these results, special interest was placed on using those that were 1 year old to date (with the exception of the classic articles that are related to clinical trials). A second filter was made, selecting only those works that were directly related to cardiac tissue, skeletal muscle and physical performance. Focusing on the representative works of the area without ruling out negative or contradictory results.
