4.2 Correlation between lifestyle score and body composition score

research on these subjects should be given to people's lifestyle and habits, and that increase in physical activity and making it into a regular, daily part of one's lifestyle, brings serious health benefits and reduces several risks arising from the contempo-

Relation between Lifestyle and Body Composition among Young Females in Serbia of 18–29…

The chapter is a part of the project Effects of applied physical activity on the locomotive, metabolic, psychosocial, and educational status of the population of Republic of Serbia, number III47015, funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the

Republic of Serbia—Research Projects Cycle 2011–2016.

\*, Đorđević-Nikić Marina<sup>2</sup>

2 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia

\*Address all correspondence to: nemanjacopic@yahoo.com

, Rakić Slađana<sup>2</sup>

4 Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk,

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

, Maksimović Miloš

3

rary sedentary habits.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83586

Acknowledgements

Author details

Ćopić Nemanja<sup>1</sup>

Russia

73

and Dopsaj Milivoj2,4

1 Faculty of Sport, Belgrade, Serbia

3 Medical Faculty, Belgrade, Serbia

provided the original work is properly cited.

Lifestyle score (LSS) in this research statically significantly correlated with all the tested variables of body composition, as well as with the calculated score of body composition (BCS), except with weight (Table 2 and Figure 2). The correlation coefficient was the highest between LSS and BFM%, SMM%, and BCS (r = 0.408, 0.461, and 0.505, respectively, Table 2). The vast amount of previous studies about the influence of various modalities of physical activity and exercising on BW, BMI, and the occurrence of body fat among females applied to overweight/ obese women, which were either middle-aged or postmenopausal. Donnelly et al. [59] conducted a cognate research that included young, sedentary, overweight/ obese women. As they persuasively showed, controlled exercising lasting 16 weeks showed significant effects on preserving the existing BW and reducing total and visceral fat among them in comparison to the physically inactive control group. An optimal exercising among women with sedentary habits, regardless of the modality (high or low intensity, aerobic, or resistance training) significantly reduces body fat [60–62]. The aerobic training was shown to be more effective than resistance training at improving visceral and liver fat and also abdominal subcutaneous fat among women and men of various age [62]. Therefore, the positive effect of aerobic exercising on reducing visceral fat among overweight/obesity subjects is connected with the improved insulin resistance and cardio-metabolic health [55, 63]. Even though our research did not involve the modality of physical activity practiced by young correspondence, the results showed statistically relevant correlation between their physical activity and VFA and FMI (Table 2).

Higher level of muscle mass in body composition significantly correlates with a number of health parameters [64]. It is also known that exercising, and especially resistance training, leads to an increase in muscle mass [60, 65]. Our research showed prominent correlation of SMM% with all variables of physical activity, in the first place with LSS (r = 0.461, p < 0.05) (Table 2).

Kyle et al. [57] found that physical activity increased FFMI by 0.32 kg/m<sup>2</sup> among men and women combined. In addition to that, the effect of age on FFMI was 0.007 kg/m<sup>2</sup> among physically active men and women. Our research confirmed significant correlation of physical activity and FFMI (r = 0.242, p < 0.01) by analyzing a general level of dependence between BCS, as an optimal modeled score of body composition, and LSS, as a score of lifestyle in relation to the level of physical activity and sedentary habits. On the basis of our results, it could be claimed that each standardized value, that is, each point more for improving lifestyle and physical activity, leads to increase in optimizing body composition of young females by 2 points, that is, it doubles (Figure 2).
